ww1
What were the guiding principles of Wilson's Fourteen Points?
A just and lasting peace achieved by ending secret treaties; freedom of the seas, free trade, and reduced national armies and navies; granting self-determination; and establishing a world peace organization.
How did the war change the countries that fought it?
A revolution took place in Russia because the czar did not respond to increasing calls for democracy, the economy was poor and soldiers were tired of fighting.
2. What areas outside of Europe were affected by the war?
Arab nations, SW Asian countries, China, areas in the Pacific, Mexico and the United States.
What were three ways that the war affected people's day-to-day lives?
Caused hardship through rationing, limited people's freedom to disagree, and changed people's attitudes about women's job skills.
What were the final problems that Germany and Austria-Hungary faced?
Exhaustion and supply shortages weakened German forces. Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany was forced to step down. In Austria-Hungary, the emperor was overthrown.
In what ways did the treaty punish Germany?
Germany lost substantial territory, had severe restrictions placed on its military operations, and was forced to acknowledge "war guilt" and pay reparations to the Allies.
Why was the Battle of Marne so significant?
It ruined the Schlieffen Plan and forced Germany to fight a wa on two war fronts
Why were the Balkan's known as the powder keg of europe?
It was home to many ethnic groups, had a long history of nationalist uprising and ethnic classes
Why did the United States reject the treaty?
Many Americans believed that the U.S. should stay out of European affairs.
What were characteristics of trench warfare?
Military stalemate, huge losses on both sides, miserable living conditions, little territorial gain.
What were the concerns and aims of France and Britain?
National security, stripping Germany of its war-making power, and punishing Germany.
How were the Serbian's involved in the start of WW1?
Serbia had troubles with Austria-Hungary over control of Bosnia and Herzegovina. A Serbian killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand. As a result, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. Soon most of Europe was at war.
What countries did the Balkans consist of?
Serbiam Montegro, Albania, Greece, Bulgaria and Romania
What factors prompted the United States to enter the war?
Submarine warfare, the decoded note, common bond with & sympathy with the Allies
How was Wilson's ideas incorporated into the treaty?
The treaty called for a League of Nations, an international association whose goal was to keep peace among nations.
Why did many countries feel bitter and cheated as a result of the treaty?
The war guilt clause left a legacy of hatred among Germans; Africans and Asians were angry that their desire for independence was ignored; Japanese and Italians gained less land than they wanted.
How did this rejection affect the League of Nations?
Without U.S. support, the League of Nations was unable to take action on various complaints of nations around the world.
What was war like on the Western Front?
Bloody and brutal. Trench warfare began outside the trenches, soldiers faced powerful weapons like machine guns, poison gas and tanks.
What helped fuel nationalistic rivalries among the countries of Europe?
Economic competition, territorial disputes and independence demands
In what ways was World War I a total war?
Governments devoted all their resources to winning the war. They took control of the economy, converted many industries to munitions factories, directed a rationing program, suppressed antiwar activity, censored news reports and used propaganda
6. What weaknesses and strengths did Russia have?
Russia's undeveloped industrial economy was a major weakness. Russian troops had inadequate supplies. Russia's strength was its huge population.
What was Germany's plan for winning the war on two fronts?
Schlieffen Plan
