WW1 Home Front
What did the Espionage Act do?
Allowed postal authorities to ban treasonable Or seditious newspapers, magazines or printed materials from the mail
What did the Selective Service Act do?
Authorized a draft of young men for military service
What is a victory garden?
Gardens grown for soldiers
What is the significance of George Creel during WWI?
He was the director of the CPI, combined education and a widespread advertising campaign to "sell America"
What was the function of the War Industries Board (WIB)?
It regulated all industries engaged In the war effort.
What contributions did women make to the war effort?
Many women moved into the workforce for the first time. (munitions factories, railroads, telegraph operators, trolley conductors, farming, Red Cross, American Women's Hospital Service)
What is voluntary rationing?
People who voluntarily limit their food consumption for soldiers
How did World War I contribute to the women's suffrage movement?
Proved that women could do any job men could, Wilson supported women's voting rights
What is the propaganda excerpt to the left describing?
The cruelty of the enemy, written to encourage people to join the war
Who led the Food Administration? What was the primary function of the Food Administration?
Pres. Herbert Hoover. The Food Administration fed armies of the United States and our allies
Why did Schenck believe the Espionage Act was unconstitutional?
Believed he was protected by the first amendment
Describe the Great Migration and identify its causes.
Between 1910 and 1920, more than 1.2 million African Americans moved to the north. This was due to racism, better jobs, economic advancement, better future for their children
What was the Committee on Public Information often called?
Creel Committee
What was Schenck charged with?
charged with conspiring to print and circulate documents intended to cause insubordination within the military
Identify examples of the Creel Committee's propaganda.
75 million pamphlets, 6000 press releases, 75000 speeches on America's war aims and the nature of the enemy
Why did World War I require the commitment of the whole country rather than just that of the military?
All people were needed in order to produce food and weapons for soldiers.
What was the purpose of the Committee on Public Information (CPI)?
Educate the public about the causes and nature of the war, inform people that the war effort was just a cause
What contributions did African Americans make to the war effort?
Enlisted/drafted into the war, many died for their country-proved their loyalty and patriotism
What logic did the court use to justify its opinion?
First amendment did not apply in this case, his speech posed a clear a present danger
How did the government get farmers to cooperate and increase food production (other than (patriotic responsibility)?
Set high prices for wheat and other foods
Identify why the military draft was so controversial.
Some believed it was illegal intrusion of the federal government into their private lives, some religions restricted people from participating in war
What is a conscientious objector?
Someone whos moral or religious beliefs forbid them from fighting in a war
How were conscientious objectors treated?
Treated badly by their local draft boards, others were humiliated in training camps, as the participation in the war increased however, the gov't improved its treatment of conscientious objectors
What did the court rule? (Schenck)
Upheld the conviction of Schenck
What did the Sedition Act do?
made it unlawful to use "disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language" about the American form of government, the Constitution, or the military forces.