WWII

Identify: What was the codename given to the Allied invasion of France and who was tasked with planning the Allied invasion of France?

Operation Overload & General Dwight D. Eisenhower

Following World War II, there was the creation of the United Nations (UN). Explain the purpose of the United Nations.

Prevent world wars & prevent instances of mass killings. Hope was that by bringing together nations of the world, they could peacefully resolve their problems

Describe Mussolini's imperialist and expansionist plans in 1935.

Seeking to grow the empire of Italy, Mussolini ordered the invasion of African nation Ethiopia

Describe what Executive Order 9066, which was issued in February 1942, did to Japanese Americans.

Set aside certain areas in the US, mostly West Coast, from which anyone might be removed for any reason. US gov began rounding up Japanese americans & immigrants resulted in them having to sell their property holdings at a loss

Describe the significance of the signing of the Atlantic Charter.

Set goals that Roosevelt & churchill had for post WWII

Summarize the fall of the Philippines to the Japanese

Shortly aster the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, they also attacked the Philippines. American and Filipino forces were overwhelmed by the Japanese military and forced to retreat.

Explain the significance of the 442nd Regimental Combat Team which consisted of Japanese Americans

Some Japanese americans who were forced into internment camps were given chance to fight in the war in Europe. Most decorated unit in military history. Combated idea that japanese americans were not loyal citizens

Identify: Who did Hitler declare war against in June 1941 and explain the significance of this declaration of war by Hitler.

Soviet Union- Broke Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pat and started a two-front war

Explain the significance of the Executive Order 8802

Stated no discrimination in employment of workers in defense industries or gov.- 2 million+ African Americans were employed in Americans defense industries

Explain the significance of the Wannsee Conference, which occurred in January 1942

Systematic plan to round up & exterminate Jews and other undesirables. Discussed & planned best way to eliminate group.Healthy people would be sent to concentration camps & were forced to work. Elderly, ill or young would sent to extermination camps

Identify: What decisions were made by Truman, Atlee, and Stalin and the Potsdam Conference?

That Germany would be divided into four occupation zones- US, British, France, & Soviet Union would be in charge of a zone. Set new boarders for Poland, agreed to hold free elections. Let Soviets take reparations from their German occupation zone. Stalin promised to enter war in Pacific & help US defeat Japan

Identify: What event brought an end to democracy and the decreasing influence of the military in Japan in the 1930's?

The Great Depression

Describe how World War II made many Americans aware of the fact that America's security was connected to the security of the world.

They began to realize the global scope of WWII.. if the US wanted to remain safe & stable , than the rest of the world needed to be made safe & stable

In 1935, Hitler broadened his attacks against Jews in Germany with the passage of the Nuremberg Laws. Describe some of the things that the Nuremberg Laws did to Jews in Germany

They denied German citizenship to Jews, Jew became non-citizens, banned marriage between Jews and non-Jews, defined Jew as someone with three or four Jewish grandparents/ half-Jew if only two, and segregated Jews at every level of society.

Describe the purpose of the Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact signed by Germany and the Soviet Union on August 23, 1939.

To prevent Germany from having to fight a two front war

Identify why in July of 1940, President Roosevelt imposed an embargo with Japan and identify what items were included in that embargo.

To prevent Japanese aggression against Britain's colonies in Asia. airplane fuel, oil, iron ore, steel, and rubber

In July 1945, a significantly altered group of world leaders, including Harry Truman (U.S.), Clement Attlee (Britain), and Joseph Stalin (Soviet Union) met in Potsdam, Germany, in what is known as the Potsdam Conference. Describe the relationship between Truman and Stalin.

Truman was suspicious of Stalin. Didn't trust Stalin. FDR had a better relationship

Explain the significance of the bracero program to the United States during World War II

U.S gov. worked with the Mexican gov. & brought over 200,000 Mexican workers to the US to help harvest

Forces from what countries were involved in this invasion of France?

U.S, Britain, Canada, Poland

Hitler's ambitions threatened not only Britain but the values and rights that America stood for. However, many Americans were opposed to getting involved in World War II, explain why.

US was still dealing with problems from Great Depression & made great sacrifices to help Europe in WWI

Describe the differences between the United States and the Soviet Union, the two superpowers of the world after World War II.

US- supporters of democracy & free enterprise, war had not been fought on US soil, strong industry & economy, strong military & possession of atomic bombs. Soviet Union- supporters of communism, control of Eastern Europe, Large & strong army

Identify: Following World War II, what two nations emerged as superpowers?

United States & Soviet Union

Explain the significance of the Double V campaign to the African American community during World War II.

Urged African Americans to support the war to achieve a victory over hitler and his racism & a victory over racism in the U.S

What were the code names given to the beaches where the invasion was to occur in France?

Utah, Omaha, Gold, Sword, Juno

When Hitler became chancellor of Germany in 1933, he began to target Jews economically. Describe how Hitler targeted Jews economically

Wanted Germans to boycott Jewish businesses, prevented Jews from jobs in civil service, banking, the stock exchange, law, journalism, and medicine

Following the fall of France, Hitler turned his sights to Britain and series of battles that would ensue would become known as the Battle of Britain. Summarize what happened during the Battle of Britain.

Was Germany's attempt to destroy the British RAF and bomb key british cities . Hitler decided to postpone his invasion of Britain

In 1947, the U.S. signed a treaty, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). Describe the impact of the GATT treaty.

Was intended to to reduce tariffs around the world, thus increasing global trade.

Identify: As men joined the military to fight against the Axis Powers, what groups of people stepped up to work in the nation's factories to keep up war production?

Women & african americans

Identify what the WAC was and identify and describe the jobs that women did in the WAC.

Women's Army Corps- part of the army and the women who served received same benefits as men. Clerical work, Truck drivers, Mechanics, Lab technicians, Weapons maintenance, bakers

Describe what happened during the Great Terror in the Soviet Union during the 1930's.

a purging of the Communist Party in Soviet Union at order of Stalin... traitors were executed or sent to forced labor camps called Gulags. Targeted Communist Party members, high ranking officers in the Red Army, criminals, & who opposed Communist Party 1 million killed

Identify and describe ways in which farmers continued to produce large amounts of crops during World War II even as many rural areas experienced a shrinking population

arming became more mechanized, utilized more fertilizers in order to help their crops yield more grain, help of children & teenagers, Axis prisoners of war were brought to the U.S. & paid to work on farms

Describe what initially happened to Jews that came under Hitler's rule as he invaded Poland and Soviet Union

forced to live in ghettos, more concentration camps built

Identify and describe ways in women's lives were changed in the U.S. as result of working outside the home during World War II

found long term employment. Allowed women financial independence and the chance chart their own path in life.

Appeasement

granting concessions (such as territory/land) to a potential enemy in the hope that peace is maintained and there is no war

Describe the blitzkrieg tactic utilized by Germany in the invasion of Poland.

lightening war. large number of tanks break through enemy lines, supported by aircraft that bombed enemy positions, paratroopers were dropped behind enemy lines to cut supply lines, Infantry soldiers followed tanks, Nazis defeat Polish in one month

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

o create global economic and financial stability & encourage economic growth of nations.

Describe what Allied liberators found in Hitler's concentration and death camps.

piles of dead bodies, the warehouses full of human hair and jewelry, the ashes in crematoriums, the half-dead emaciated survivors

Describe the significance of the Nuremberg Trials after World War II.

placed high ranking Germans responsible for the Holocaust, on trail for their crimes against humanity. Were held to punish those responsible for causing WWII & the Holocaust & prevent people from thinking they can get away with mass murder

Describe how the Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937 aimed to keep the U.S. out of World War II.

placed restrictions on Americans with the intent of keeping the US out of war... were not allowed to sail on foreign ships involved in war, loan money to nations at war, sell weapons & ammunition to nations at war

Fascism

political movement stressing extreme nationalism & autocratic rule (gov. that is ruled by one person with total power)

Identify groups of people that were imprisoned in concentration camps

political opponents- socialists, and communists, journalists or novelists, ministers or priests, people who spoke out against Hitler, Jews, Homosexuals, Disabled

Describe the significance of Congress passing the Selective Service act in September 1940.

provided training to 1.2 million soldiers and 800,000 reserve soldiers

Identify: What happened to many Japanese generals and other Japanese leaders after World War II for violating the Geneva Convention during the war?

put to trial for violating the Geneva Convention. Many sentenced to death or put in jail for life

Explain why President Roosevelt created the War Production Board in January of 1942.

tasked with helping in the conversion of peacetime industries to war industries. WPB controlled the distribution of raw materials and other supplies of war goods.

Explain the significance of the Supreme Court cases Hirabayashi v. United States (1943) and Korematsu v. United States (1944)

the relocation of Japanese Americans was ruled constitutional by the Supreme Court because they stated the relocation was based on "military urgency" and not race

Explain why after World War II, imperialism began to fade away.

there was a realization of the harms of imperialism. nations that had been colonized by imperial countries wanted their independence from places like Britain, France, Spain and US

Explain the purpose of the War Refugee Board established President Roosevelt in early 1944.

to help rescue Jews, WRB & Red Cross were able to save thousands of jews mostly from Hungary & Romania

World Bank

to reduce poverty around world & help finance economic development around the world, US agreed to keep price pf gold at certain level

Describe what conditions were like in post World War I Germany under the Weimar Republic

was Germany's attempt at democracy post WWI. Germany struggled economically, $30 billion in reparations from the Treaty of Versailles, Hard to find jobs, inflation made German Mark worthless cause gov. used too much paper money , Great Depression

Explain why the Japanese decided to attack the U.S. Pacific Fleet stationed at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.

would eliminate the greatest threat to Japan's plan to attack throughout SE Asia to gather resources

Explain what was the zoot suit riot, which broke out in Los Angeles in 1943, and describe why this rioting occurred

zoot suit- suit with baggy pants, knee length jacket, and wide lapel, unpatriotic because of extra fabric during rationing. Rumor of zoot-suiters attacking sailors, 2,500 soldiers and sailors attacked mexican american neighborhoods.

Describe the significance of Mein Kampf and anti-Semitism as Hitler rose to power in Germany.

1. Hitler outlined his beliefs- that all germans needed to be united, Nazi government was fascist. 2. Outlined master race- Ayrans, blonde hair, blue eyed germans. 3. Viewed Jews & Slavs inferior 4. Wanted to increase living space for Germans and enslave Slavic people

Summarize Adolf Hitler's rise to power in Germany and make sure to include the role of the Nazi Party in Hitler's rise.

1923- Hitler attempted to seize control by marching on Munich and then marching on to Berlin failed. Was arrested and wrote Mein Kampf. After released, worked to get Nais elected to the Reichstag (german parliament)

Identify when & how the U.S. government apologized for the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II

1988- Ronald Reagan apologized to those Japanese Americans who were held in camps. Received $20,000

Identify: By the time the war came to an end in 1945, how Jews had been murdered and how many other "undesirables" had been murdered at the hands of the Nazis.

6 million Jews and 5-6 million "undesirables"

On November 9, 1938, Kristallnacht, or the "night of broken glass" occurred against Jews across Hitler's empire. Explain what caused Kristallnacht to happen and describe what happened to Jews throughout the Nazi empire

A Jewish refugee shot and killed a German diplomat in Paris Kristallnacht- Germany secret police attacked jews, 1,500 synagogues and 7,500 Jewish-owned businesses, Countless Jews homes were attacked, killed more than 200 Jews, and injured more than 600 others

Describe how the Lend-Lease Act, passed by Congress in March 1941, provided greater American aid to Britain.

Allowed US to lend or lease military supplies to any nation that was "vital to the defense of the US"

Describe the significance of the Neutrality Act of 1939...especially the cash-and-carry provision of this act.

Allowed nations at war to buy military goods and weapons from US on cash-and-carry basis.

Explain why German Americans and Italian Americans were eventually removed from the enemy aliens list in the U.S. but why Japanese Americans were NOT removed from the enemy aliens list

As the war went on and fears in the U.S calmed down, FDR took the steps to remove German Americans & Italian Americans from enemy list but not Japanese Americans. Fear that Japanese Americans were more disloyal

Identify: When did Allied forces liberate Paris, France from the Nazis?

August 25, 1944

Identify: The three nations that would make up the Axis Powers and the five primary nations that would make up the Allied Powers.

Axis- Germany, Italy, Japan Allied Powers- Britain, France, United States, Soviet Union, China

Describe what happened during the Bataan Death March.

Bataan Death March forced march of 78000 American and filipino troops that surrendered soldiers to march 65 miles to a POW camp. Many soldiers were sick and starving.

Define what appeasement is and explain why nations such as Britain and France pursued policies of appeasement with countries like Hitler's Germany.

British & French pursued a poicy of appeasement with Hitler because wanted to avoid another world war, some believed that strong Germany would prevent the Soviet Union from becoming belligerent, Fear that llies would not respond if attacked, therefore it was better to appease Hitler

Identify: What significant decision was reached by Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin at the Tehran Conference in late November 1943?

British & US forces would open up a second front in France against the Germans.

Describe the significance of events that occurred in Dunkirk, France.

British would have probably been forced to surrender if they had lost those soldiers & lost tons of military supplies

After World War II, explain why Germany became divided into East Germany and West Germany and also describe what happened to the bulk of nations in Eastern Europe.

British, French. & Americans merged their zones into one zone- West Germany. Soviet Union- East Germany(communist) Eastern countries that had been liberated by Soviet Union would become Communist nations under control of Soviet Union

describe what life was like for the "undesirables" in Hitler's concentration camps

Camp administrators tattooed numbers on the arms of prisoners and dressed them in vertically striped uniforms with triangular insignias, yellow- jewish, red- political prisoner, pink- homosexual, guards could beat, torture, died from malnutrition, starvation, and diseases, medical experiments

xplain the purpose of Hitler's death camps and also identify some of the death camps established by the Nazi's.

Camps that were purposefully designed to systematically exterminate "undesirables" Auschwitz, treblinka, Majdanek, Sobibar, Belzec, Chelmno

Identify who Douglas MacArthur was.

Commander of the U.S. Army Forces in East Asia. December 1941 tasked with holding the U.S. position in the Philippines from the advancing Japanese. Involved in Bonus Army

In 1933, Hitler opened the first Nazi concentration camp. Explain the purpose of Hitler's concentration camps and also identify some of Hitler's earliest concentration camps.

Concentration camps were first constructed to jail political opponents of the Nazi party Dachau, Sachsenhausen, and Buchenwald , held of 200,000 prisoners that were forced to work 12 hours

It is estimated that World War II cost the United States some $330 billion. Identify two things that were done in the U.S. in order to help pay for the war

Congress passed a tax that took 5% from all working Americans, Government sold war bonds

Describe the damages suffered by the United States in the aftermath of the Japanese surprise attack and identify some of the positives that came out of that terrible day, December 7, 1941.

Damaged eight battleships, three destroyers unusable, damaged three light cruisers, 160 airplanes & 128 aircrafts Positives- aircraft carriers were not at Pearl Harbor during attack, Several important warships were out at sea or left untouched, left submarine bases, maintenance facilities, & oil storages intact and operational

Identify: When and how did the United States officially become involved in World War II?

December 8, 1941. Roosevelt gave his famous day of "infamy" speech. 388 in favor and 1 opposed war.

Explain what anti-Semitism is and describe reasons why Hitler had such hatred for Jews.

Dislike or hatred of Jews. Blames Jews for Germany's problems- jews were why Germany lost WWI, caused poor economy of Germany after WWI, were supporters of communism, painted abstract art

In February 1945, Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin met at Yalta in what is known as the Yalta Conference to discuss plans for the post World War II world. Identify some of the plans that were made at the Yalta Conference and describe what ultimately happened to those plans.

Dispute as to which gov. should control Poland.

As Hitler rose to power, some 129,000 Jews managed to flee from Germany and other Nazi held territory. Most Jews however were NOT able to flee from Hitler's empire...explain why

During the Great Depression, with jobs scarce, the United States and other countries barred their doors to many Jews. Germany passed a law that said jews cannot take more the $4 out of the country. Americans didn't want to allow Jews because they had Anti-Semitic views

Describe the Allied invasion of the beaches at Normandy, France.

Encountered germnan defense. Fired from high ground, landmines, obstacles, some soldiers jumped over board and drowned. Americans took beach. 2,000-5,000 troops were killed. Largest amphibious operation in history

Identify: What finally brought about an end to the Great Depression?

Entrance into WWII and the massive amount of government spending on defense production. 1938- Unemployment rate 19%. 1944- Unemployment rate 1.2%

Describe how World War II would fuel the Civil Rights movement for African Americans in the years after World War II.

For many African Americans WWII was the beginning of their fight for their civil rights and equal treatment in the US

Identify: Who won the presidential election of 1940 and explain the significance of this election.

Franklin Roosevelt- first time we had a president win and serve more than two terms as president. Trusted FDR to steer nation through WWII

Identify who Hideki Tojo was.

General in the japanese military and would become prime minister of Japan as military took control of Japan. Interested in keeping US neutral while expanding Japan

Summarize the fall of France, which began in May of 1940.

German army bypassed Maginot Line and attacked through Luxembourg & Belgium. British and French armies became trapped at the French port of Dunkirk

Identify: What event signaled the beginning of World War II and when did World War II begin?

German invasion of Poland. September 1, 1939

Identify: What are some factors that have been cited as to why the United States did little to help Jews and other "undesirables" escape from Nazi Germany and Nazi occupied territory in Europe.

Great Depression, anti-semitism, underestimation of Hitler's plan

Summarize what happened to Jews and other "undesirables" in the death camps.

Healthy- slave labor. Elderly, sick, mothers & children- gas chambers. Human fat turned into soap. Hair- wigs & mattresses, Bodies stripped of valuables including gold fillings

Identify and describe ways in which Hitler openly defied the Treaty of Versailles during the 1930's.

Hitler began rebuilding the German economy by increasing the size & strength of the German army, navy, air force. Following the strengthening of the German military Hitler would begin to unite all German people

Describe what life was like in Hitler's Germany throughout the 1930's.

Hitler followed through on his promises- rebuilt german military, which provided jobs. Sought to silence any opposition to the Nazi party. Instituted anti-Semitic policies

Identify: How did Hitler violate the Munich Pact in 1939?

Hitler wanted all of Czechoslovakia. German troops divided and occupied Czechoslovakia

Eventually, Japanese Americans were subject to internment. Explain what internment is and describe what life was like for Japanese Americans in internment camps

Internment- temporary imprisonment Camps were surrounded by fencing & had armed guards, lived in small shacks or bunkhouses, schools in camps were not properly supported, poor medical care and lack of food

Summarize how the military in Japan sought to solve Japan's economic problems. Make sure to include the invasion of Manchuria in 1931.

Japan lacked natural resources & had to import resources to produce goods. Situation only made worse by Great Depression. Increased tariffs=decrease in trade. Japanese military leaders thought the only way it could gain the resources it needed was by taking land. Japan was then ruled by the military and interested expanding its empire

Describe some of the changes that occurred in Japan following World War II.

Japan was occupied by American military.MacArthur helped Japanese in drafting new constitution. Got rid of much armed forces, women right to vote, started implementing democratic reforms, began rebuilding their economy.

During World War I, the United States and Japan had been allies. Explain why tensions had been growing between the United States and Japan in the years following World War I.

Japanese dislike Americas presence in the Pacific.. US possessions of Guam and Philippines were seen as a threat to Japanese

Describe what happened to the Jews that fled Germany in 1939, aboard the ship the St. Louis

Jewish refugees (930) from Germany boarded the St. Louis to Cuba those jew were denied into Cuba attempted to go to US but were denied St. Louis had to go back to Europe, with Jewish refugees going to France, Holland, Belgium & later died in Nazi concentration camps.

Identify groups of people that were viewed as "undesirables" in Hitler's Germany.

Jews, individuals that opposed Nazi party, Gypsies, Disabled, Homosexuals, Slavs, African Germans, and Jehovah's Witness

Identify who became the leader of the Communist Party in the Soviet Union following the death of Lenin in 1924 and briefly describe the personality of this person.

Joseph Stalin "man of steel" was suspicious, cruel, ruthless and tyrannical

Identify: When did the invasion of France occur and what is this day commonly known as?

June 6, 1944 & d-day

Explain why rationing was implemented in the U.S. during World War II

Limited the purchase of products and goods to make sure that there was enough for military use and for civilian use

Former First Lady, Eleanor Roosevelt, was selected by President Truman to represent the United States at the United Nations. While fulfilling this role, Eleanor was tasked with helping to write the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948). Describe the purpose of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Lists 30 rights that are to be universally applicable to all human beings in all societies around the world.

Describe the purpose of the Office of War Mobilization (OWM).

Made sure the appropriate raw materials were sent to the appropriate factories fr war production. Regulated the production civilian goods. Created production contracts. Had negotiations with organized labor. Helped control inflation.

Identify and describe steps taken by individuals in the U.S. and by the U.S. government to help Jews in the aftermath of World War II and the Holocaust.

Many survivors came to US. State of Israel was declared- US & British played important role in creating Israel. US opened the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington DC.

Summarize Benito Mussolini's rise to power in Italy and make sure to include the role of fascism in Mussolini's rise

Mussolini promised to protect private party & middle class, the working class full employment & social security Mussolini & his black shirts threatened to march on & take over Rome. conservative advisers to the Italian king had Emmanuel appoint Mussolini as prime minister. Within a few years Mussolini had complete control of Italian government

Describe how Hitler gained greater power in Germany during the early 1930's, especially as Germany was gripped by a severe economic depression.

Nazi's were largest party & promised to restore Germany to glory/economy- accomplished by rebuilding military. Hitler appointed chancellor & used terror for votes, Hitler became president & gained control of army. Hitler had all power.

Describe the ways in which Hitler utilized the German government to attack Jews.

Newspapers were printing stories that attacked Jews, Anti-Semitism was taught to children in German schools and through youth groups such as the Hitler Youth, Comic books & other publications portrayed jews as horrific creatures, More laws passed- couldn't hold public office, Jews with German sounding name had to adopt a Jewish sounding name, passports marked with red J

Where was the invasion of France to occur?

Normandy

Explain the purpose of the Office of War Information (OWI) and describe ways in which individuals, organizations, and industries such as Hollywood worked to raise morale (the feelings of enthusiasm or lack of enthusiasm that a person or group has about a task or job) in the U.S. during World War II.

OWI worked with the media & Hollywood to encourage Americans to support the war effort- highlighted needs that were to be met during the war, sought to minimize economic & racial tensions, worked to minimize problems associated with crime & poverty