X-ray Tube and Components
The use of an x-ray tube with a large anode angle results in: 1. Increased focal spot size 2. Increased heat capacity 3. Increased heel effect
1 and 2 only
During a radiography procedure, dose to patient tissues outside of the primary exposure field is a result of: 1. Scatter radiation 2. Off-focus radiation 3. Leakage radiation
1, 2 and 3
The use of an x-ray tube with a small anode angle results in: 1. Decreased focal spot size 2. Decreased heat capacity 3. Increased heel effect
1, 2, and 3
Which characteristics of tungsten metal make it an ideal material for the construction of a radiographic anode? 1. Atomic number 2. Thermal conductivity 3. Melting point
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following factors have an influence on the heat capacity of an x-ray tube? 1. Anode rotation speed 2. Focal spot size 3. Exposure time
1, 2, and 3
How many heat units are created from a single x-ray exposure using a single-phase x-ray machine using an exposure technique of 70 kVp and 25 mAs? A. 1,750 HU B. 2,362.5 HU C. 2, 467.5 HU D. 2, 537.5 HU
A. 1,750 HU 70 x 25 x 1 = 1,750
Which of the following anode angles with the same size actual focal spot can create a radiographic image demonstrating the highest spatial resolution? A. 6 degrees B. 12 degrees C. 18 degrees D. 22 degrees
A. 6 degrees
Which of the following collimation settings will demonstrate the most uniform beam intensity within the exposure field? A. 6 x6 inches B. 8 x 10 inches C. 10 x 12 inches D. 17 x 17 inches
A. 6 x6 inches
A radiographer has the choice of multiple radiographic systems, each using a different anode angle. Which system should be used if maximum spatial resolution is desired? A. 7 degrees B. 14 degrees C. 20 degrees D. 24 degrees
A. 7 degrees
The modern x-ray tube is based on this type of tube: A. Collidge tube B. Crookes tube
A. Collidge tube
Which of the following changes will increase the heat capacity of an x-ray tube? A. Increased anode rotation speed B. Decreased exposure time C. Decreased filament size D. Decreased anode angle
A. Increased anode rotation speed
What does off-focus radiation do to patient dose? A. Increases B. Decreases
A. Increases
Off-focus radiation is the product of electron interactions occurring within which component(s) of the x-ray tube? 1. Cathode assembly 2. Vacuum envelop 3. Anode disk
All 3
Which of the following imaging modalities use an x-ray tube? 1. Mammography 2. Fluoroscopy 3. Computed tomography
All 3
What is the wave-form factor (w) for a three-phase six pulse x-ray generator? A. 1 B. 1.35 C. 1.41 D. 1.45
B. 1.35
The name of the first x-ray tube: A. Collidge tube B. Crookes tube
B. Crookes tube
The loss of visually distinct brightness levels from off-focus radiation within the primary beam is described as: A. Decreased receptor exposure B. Decreased contrast C. Decreased bit depth D. Decreased spatial resolution
B. Decreased contrast
Utilizing an x-ray tube with a large anode angle compared to a tube with a small angle and same size actual focal spot results in: A. Increased spatial resolution and increased anode heat capacity B. Decreased spatial resolution and increased anode heat capacity C. Increased spatial resolution and decreased anode heat capacity D. Decreased spatial resolution and decreased anode heat capacity
B. Decreased spatial resolution and increased anode heat capacity
As anode angle decreases, heat dissipation: A. Increases B. Decreases C. Remain the same
B. Decreases
The technologist can reduce the chance of excessive heat production and x-ray tube damage by modifying the: A. Anode angle B. Filament size C. Anode rotation speed D. Anode size
B. Filament size
In order to adequately compress the electron stream with the x-ray tube, the focusing cup must be: A. Positively charged B. Negatively charged C. Electrically neutral
B. Negatively charged
Patient exposure to off-focus radiation can be reduced by using which of the following techniques? A. Increasing collimation B. Patient shielding C. Increasing kVp D. Post-processing shuttering
B. Patient shielding
The typical angulation of the anode is between: A. 12-30 degrees B. 4-10 degrees C. 6 -20 degrees D. 30-50 degrees
C. 6 -20 degrees
An acute abdomen series is completed with three exposures acquired at 80 kVp and 30 mAs using a three-phase six-pulse machine. What is the total number of accumulated heat units for this series? A. 3,240 HU B. 7,200 HU C. 9,720 HU D. 10,440 HU
C. 9,720 HU 80 x 30 x 1.35 x 3 = 9,720
What component of the x-ray tube is the source of x-rays? A. Tube housing B. Glass envelope C. Anode D. Cathode
C. Anode
The area of the x-ray beam projected towards the patient is described as the: A. Tungsten filament B. Cathode filament C. Effective focal spot D. Actual focal spot
C. Effective focal spot
The term "tube loading" refers to which of the following? A. X-ray intensity created within the x-ray tube B. Electron quantity produced within the x-ray tube C. Heat energy created in the x-ray tube D. Leakage radiation escaping the x-ray tube
C. Heat energy created in the x-ray tube
What is the principal advantage of using an x-ray tube equipped with a rotating anode? A. Decreased image distortion B. Increased image contrast C. Increased heat capacity D. Increased spatial resolution
C. Increased heat capacity
What is the principal advantage of using the large filament within a dual focus x-ray tube? A. Decreased image distortion B. Increased image contrast C. Increased heat capacity D. Increased spatial resolution
C. Increased heat capacity
Utilizing an x-ray tube with a small anode angle compared to a tube with a large angle and same size actual focal spot results in: A. Increased spatial resolution and increased anode heat capacity B. Decreased spatial resolution and increased anode heat capacity C. Increased spatial resolution and decreased anode heat capacity D. Decreased spatial resolution and decreased anode heat capacity
C. Increased spatial resolution and decreased anode heat capacity
The space charge effect limits the functional milliamperage (mA) of the x-ray tube to approximately: A. 10 mA B. 100 mA C. 10,000 mA D. 1,000 mA
D. 1,000 mA
When using a 14 x 17 inch exposure field, the intensity of the CR measures 100 mGy. What is the approximate intensity of the beam within the cathode side of the x-ray field? A. 80 mGy B. 90 mGy C. 100 mGy D. 120 mGy
D. 120 mGy
How many heat units are created from a 20-second fluoroscopy study using a high-frequency x-ray machine set at 110 kVp and 5 mA? A. 550 HU B. 797.5 HU C. 11,000 HU D. 15,950 HU
D. 15,950 HU 110 x 5 x 20 x 1.45 = 15,950
A radiographer has the choice of multiple radiographic systems, each using a different actual focal spot size. Which system should be used if maximum heat dissipation is required? A. 1.0 cm B. 1.2 cm C. 2.2 cm D. 2.4 cm
D. 2.4 cm
Which of the following anode angles with the same size actual focal spot can tolerate the highest technical setting without overheating? A. 6 degrees B. 12 degrees C. 18 degrees D. 22 degrees
D. 22 degrees
Approximately what percentage of the electron energy is converted to heat at the anode during x-ray production? A. 1% B. 15% C. 85% D. 99%
D. 99%
The anode heel effect is defined as: A. A variation in distortion across the x-ray field B. A variation in contrast resolution across the x-ray field C. A variation in beam quality across the x-ray field D. A variation in beam quantity across the x-ray field
D. A variation in beam quantity across the x-ray field
The technical limitations of a stationary anode x-ray system may be inadequate for which of the following procedures? A. Spinal imaging on a pediatric patient B. Chest imaging on a neonatal patient C. Extremity imaging on a trauma patient D. Abdominal imaging on a bariatric patient
D. Abdominal imaging on a bariatric patient
Which of the following situations will require the use of the large filament within a dual focus x-ray tube? A. Spinal imaging on a pediatric patient B. Chest imaging on a neonatal patient C. Extremity imaging on a trauma patient D. Abdominal imaging on a bariatric patient
D. Abdominal imaging on a bariatric patient
The source of x-ray emission within an x-ray tube is called the: A. Tungsten filament B. Cathode filament C. Effective focal spot D. Actual focal spot
D. Actual focal spot
The bearings of the induction motor assembly are designed to: A. Stop the anode rotation when the exposure is complete B. Provide thermal insulation to the anode C. Conduct electricity to the anode D. Allow for low-friction rotation of the anode
D. Allow for low-friction rotation of the anode
The line-focus principle describes the geometric relationship between which of the following factors within an x-ray tube? A. Focusing cup voltage and x-ray energy spectrum B. Tube voltage and the x-ray energy spectrum C. Filament size and the actual focus spot size D. Anode angle and the effective focal spot size
D. Anode angle and the effective focal spot size
Which of the following exposure modifications will increase the anode heel effect? A. Decreased kVp B. Decreased exposure time C. Decreased mA D. Decreased SID
D. Decreased SID
Failure of the focusing cup within the x-ray tube will result in: A. Excessive leakage radiation B. Excessive scatter radiation C. Low energy x-ray beam D. Decreased spatial resolution
D. Decreased spatial resolution
The loss of structural sharpness from off-focus radiation within the primary beam is described as: A. Decreased receptor exposure B. Decreased contrast C. Decreased bit depth D. Decreased spatial resolution
D. Decreased spatial resolution
Stationary anodes are most appropriate for which of the following x-ray systems? A. General radiography B. Computed tomography C. Fluoroscopic imaging D. Dental imaging
D. Dental imaging
The term "space charge" within the x-ray tube refers to: A. Current Induction B. Thermal radiation C. X-ray emission D. Free electrons
D. Free electrons
Electron interactions within the x-ray tube anode primarily create: A. Ultraviolet rays B. X-rays C. Visible light D. Heat
D. Heat
What is required for the induction of thermionic emission within the x-ray tube? A. Low current B. Direct current C. Alternating current D. High current
D. High current
What is the principal advantage of using the small filament within a dual focus x-ray tube? A. Decreased image distortion B. Increased image contrast C. Increased heat capacity D. Increased spatial resolution
D. Increased spatial resolution
As a result of the anode heel effect, the anode side of the x-ray field demonstrates: A. Lower energy B. Lower contrast C. Lower spatial resolution D. Lower intensity
D. Lower intensity
Directing the anode side of the x-ray field towards the toes during an AP projection of the foot results in: A. Lower signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) B. Lower contrast resolution C. More uniform spatial resolution D. More uniform receptor exposure
D. More uniform receptor exposure
What characteristic of off-focus radiation results in a loss of structural sharpness in a radiographic image? A. Off-focus radiation is lower energy than the primary beam B. Off-focus radiation is less penetrating than the primary beam C. Off-focus radiation is lower intensity than the primary beam D. Off-focus radiation is out of alignment with the primary beam
D. Off-focus radiation is out of alignment with the primary beam
Directing the anode side of the x-ray field towards the lower chest during an AP projection of chest will result in: A. Increased contrast within the lower chest B. Decreased contrast within the lower chest C. Under-exposure of the upper chest D. Over-exposure of the upper chest
D. Over-exposure of the upper chest
The anode heel effect is caused by: A. Excessive filament temperature B. Inadequate anode rotation speed C. Excessive heat production within the anode D. X-ray absorption within the anode
D. X-ray absorption within the anode
Which of the following formulas express the total heat units created during a series of x-ray exposures? A. kVp x mAs B. kVp x mA x s C. kVp x s x W D. kVp x mA x s x W
D. kVp x mA x s x W
Thermionic emissions occurs within the x-ray tube at the: A. Tube housing B. Glass envelope C. Focusing cup D. Anode E. Cathode
E. Cathode
What component of the x-ray tube is the source of free electrons? A. Tube housing B. Glass envelope C. Focusing cup D. Anode E. Cathode
E. Cathode
What component of the x-ray tube is responsible for creating a vacuum around the photon-producing components? A. Stator B. Rotor C. Focusing cup D. Tube housing E. Glass envelope
E. Glass envelope
