Y5SEM2 - Dental Research Theory ( Rany + Vuthy) MCQs 2018-2019

84. An interview that allows the respondent to develop stories about their life experiences would be: - An unstructured interview - A semi-structured interview - A structured interview - A narrative interview

- A narrative interview

38. Action research means: - A longitudinal research - An applied research - A research initiated to solve an immediate problem - A research with socioeconomic objective

- A research initiated to solve an immediate problem

12. Which of the following statement is not true?: - A research proposal is a document that presents a plan for a project - A research proposal shows that the researcher is capable of successfully conducting the proposed research project - A research proposal is an unorganized and unplanned project - A research proposal is just like a research report and written before the research project

- A research proposal is an unorganized and unplanned project

32. What does a good research question usually pursue?: - A small part of a broad topic - A topic unrelated to any other topics - The same thing as the null hypothesis - A broad topic

- A small part of a broad topic

44. Which section of a journal article is provided in most online electronic databases?: - Abstract - Results. - Introduction. - Conclusion.

- Abstract

87. What will normally be the last of the following sections to be written?: - Abstract - Literature review - Results - Conclusion

- Abstract

66. Which of these will NOT help you to decide whether a publication is reputable?: - Citation rate. - Audience. - Importance to peers. - Advertising inside.

- Advertising inside.

11. A theoretical framework: - Elaborates the r/s among the variables - Explains the logic underlying these r/s - Describes the nature and direction of the r/s - All are corrects

- All are corrects

16. Study participant - not patients: In this Manual and during the survey we use the term. Study Participant (SP) to refer to people who participate in the study as they. Each section is described in three sub-sections: - Clinical procedures - Diagnostic codes - Diagnostic criteria - All are corrects

- All are corrects

41. After you think of each research question, evaluate it by asking whether it is: - Logically related to the topic - In question form - Not answerable with a quick Google search - Specific, not vague - All are corrects

- All are corrects

42. The steps for developing a research question, listed below, help you organize your thoughts: - Choose a topic (or consider the one assigned to you). - Write a narrower/smaller topic that is related to the first. - List some potential questions that could logically be asked in relation to the narrow topic. - Choose and Change the question that you are most interested in. - All are corrects

- All are corrects

51. Procedures for reviewing the literature involved in conducting a literature review: - Search for existing literature in your area of study; - Review the literature selected; - Develop a theoretical and a conceptual framework; - Writing up the literature reviewed - All are corrects

- All are corrects

52. Research gives us information about: - Opinions and attitudes - Habits and culture - Scientific facts - Medical information - All are corrects

- All are corrects

53. What do we do with research?: - Have it as interesting fact - Use it to make decisions - Use it to persuade influence others - Use it to change behavior - All are corrects

- All are corrects

54. What types of materials are needed for literature review?: - Books, Magazine articles - Newspaper articles, Scholarly journal articles and web site - Other materials, such as statistics, government publications - All are corrects

- All are corrects

55. Why is background information important?: - It helps you to focus on names, dates, events, organizations, terms, etc., associated with a topic. - It can help you to formulate/reformulate your topic (or, to put it another way, it can help you decide whether to broaden or narrow your topic). - Background sources might include bibliographies that you can use to find additional sources for your project. - All are corrects

- All are corrects

56. Why do we have to understand research?: - Help make informed decisions - Need to produce research in career - Evaluating research in the media and assist in classes - All are corrects

- All are corrects

57. The process of sampling involves: - Identification of study population - Definition of the sampling unit - Choice of sampling method - Estimation of the sample size - All are corrects

- All are corrects

58. The whole writing process can be divided into the prewriting, writing, and rewriting or revising phases. In the prewriting phase, you might try to clarify: - What you want to write about - How you think and feel about your topic - what other materials and notes you might need and how to organize these materials - What is kind of audience you are writing for - All are corrects

- All are corrects

59. The research question serves purposes: - It determines where kind of research the writer will be looking for. - It determines what kind of research the writer will be looking for. - It identifies the specific objectives the study or paper will address. - All are corrects

- All are corrects

60. A research question is: - An answerable inquiry into a specific concern or issue. - It is the initial step in a research project and the first active step in the research project - The 'initial step' means after you have an idea of what you want to study, - All are corrects

- All are corrects

62. A literature review is: - An evaluative report of information found in the literature related to your selected area of study. - It describe, summarise, evaluate and clarify. - It should give a theoretical base for the research - All are corrects

- All are corrects

63. A proposal is also known as a: - Work plan - Prospectus - Outline - Drafts plan - All are corrects

- All are corrects

64. When planning your literature search you need to : - Have clearly defined research question and objectives - define the parameters of your research - Generate key words and search term - All are corrects

- All are corrects

71. A successful literature review: - Synthesizes material from several sources on the same question/research topic. - Assesses the state of existing knowledge on a topic by comparing studies in terms of assumptions - about the research question, - Experimental method, data analysis, any conclusions drawn, and to raise questions for further research. - All are corrects

- All are corrects

94. You can manage your time and resources best, by: - Working out a timetable - Finding out what resources are readily available to you - Calculating a budget for likely expenditure - All are corrects

- All are corrects

95. How can you tell if your research questions are really good?: - If they guide your literature search - If they are linked together to help you construct a coherent argument - If they force you to narrow the scope of your research - All are corrects

- All are corrects

99. An open question is one that: - Allows respondents to answer in their own terms - Does not suggest or provide a limited range of responses - Can help to generate answers for closed questions - All are corrects

- All are corrects

89. What can a researcher use the literature to achieve?: - They can demonstrate their competence by referring to prominent writings in the field. - They develop their version of the literature in such a way as to show and to lead up to the contribution they will be making in their own project or article. - They can identify a gap or problem in the literature that corresponds to the research questions. - All are corrects.

- All are corrects.

1. You can manage your time and resources best, by: - Working out a timetable - Finding out what resources are readily available to you - Calculating a budget for likely expenditure - All of the above

- All of the above

2. How can you tell if your research questions are really good?: - If they guide your literature search - If they are linked together to help you construct a coherent argument - If they force you to narrow the scope of your research - All of the above

- All of the above

3. Which of the following should you think about when preparing your research?: - Your sample frame and sampling strategy - The ethical issues that might arise - Negotiating access to the setting - All of the above

- All of the above

33. Which of the following is a good way to find a research topic?: - Personal experience - Getting an idea from your advisor - Looking for the next step in the research process - All of the above

- All of the above

4. What can you do to ensure your physical safety during your research?: - Be alert to the possibility of exposure to danger - Avoid interviewing alone in the respondent's residence - Make sure someone knows where you are and how you can contact them in an emergency - All of the above

- All of the above

49. We review the relevant literature to know: - What is already known about the topic - What concepts and theories have been applied to the topic - Who are the key contributors to the topic - All of the above

- All of the above

5. What practical steps can you take before you actually start your research?: - Find out exactly what your institution's requirements are for a dissertation - Make sure you are familiar with the hardware and software you plan to use - Apply for clearance of your project through an ethics committee - All of the above

- All of the above

9. A literature review requires: - Planning - Good & clear writing - Lot of rewriting - All of the above

- All of the above

47. The introductory section of a research report should aim to: - Identify the specific focus of the study. - Provide a rationale for the dissertation, or article. - Grab the reader's attention. - All of the above.

- All of the above.

72. The conclusion should: - Evaluate and summarize what researchers have shown - Show strengths and weaknesses - Provide questions for further study - All of the above.

- All of the above.

43. Why is it important to read original articles when you are reviewing the literature?: - To look for flaws in the method. - To examine the validity of the conclusions. - To obtain an overview of methods and procedures. - All of these

- All of these

83. Which of the following is not an advantage of a questionnaire?: - Provides structured data - Allows the respondent to complete in their own time - Allows complex questions - Allows access to a big sample group

- Allows complex questions

15. Informant factual questions are those that: - Enquire about personal details such as age, income and occupation - Ask people about the characteristics of a social setting or entity that they know well - Seek to find out about people's attitudes and opinions on a range of topics - Try to identify the normative standards and values held by a social group - Choose all correct answers for each question

- Ask people about the characteristics of a social setting or entity that they know well

82. When may a participant withdraw his/her name from a study?: - When the study is complete - With the permission of the researcher - At any time they feel they wish to withdraw - As soon as they have provided enough data for conclusions to have been made

- At any time they feel they wish to withdraw

86. When interviewing children, you should try to: - Avoid being seen as an authority figure - Take them out of the classroom if interviewing them at school - Not be overly concerned with ethical issues - None of the above

- Avoid being seen as an authority figure

6. When planning to do social research, it is better to: - Approach the topic with an open mind - Do a pilot study before getting stuck into it - Be familiar with the literature on the topic - Forget about theory because this is a very practical undertaking

- Be familiar with the literature on the topic

68. Why is it important for a researcher to review the literature?: - Because it is traditional. - Because it shows time has been spent on the subject. - Because it will find if anyone has done the work before. - Because it identifies like-minded researchers.

- Because it will find if anyone has done the work before.

26. Which ONE of these is best avoided in a proposal?: - Short, clear sentences. - Accurate spelling and grammar. - Careful use of correct gender terms. - Jargon

- Careful use of correct gender terms.

69. When you cite Internet resources, you do not need to find: - Date of access. - Date created. - Date of birth of the author - Date last updated.

- Date of birth of the author

19. Which section will not appear in a research proposal?: - Introduction - Methodology - Discussion - References

- Discussion

78. Your conceptual framework is normally developed?: - Before your literature review - During your literature review - After data collection - After data analysis

- During your literature review

88. To read the literature critically means: - To suggest the previous research was always poorly conducted. - Skimming through the material because most of it is just padding. - Evaluating what you read in terms of your own research questions. - Being negative about something before you read it.

- Evaluating what you read in terms of your own research questions.

22. Good research proposals will always: - Focus on addressing the research objectives - Provide respondent names and addresses. - Focus on the Harvard style. - Consider all possible research that had previously been done on the topic.

- Focus on addressing the research objectives

80. A literature review should include material that is: - Directly related to your research question only - Closely related to your research question only - From the wider sports literature, but not from non-sports literature - From any available discipline if relevant

- From any available discipline if relevant

21. The timing section of a proposal will NOT include: - Deadlines for submitting the final report. - Guidelines on ethics. - Progress report dates. - Deadlines for ending data collection.

- Guidelines on ethics.

97. Closed ended questions are those that: - Have a fixed range of possible answers - Prevent respondents from allocating themselves to a category - Encourage detailed, elaborate responses - Relate to the basic demographic characteristics of respondents

- Have a fixed range of possible answers

92. An important practical issue to consider when designing a research project is: - Which theoretical perspective you find most interesting - Whether or not you have time to retile the bathroom first - How much time and money you have to conduct the research - Which color of ring binder to present your work in

- How much time and money you have to conduct the research

20. Which word fills all the blanks in this extract: We talk about generating __________, testing_______, rejecting ________.: - Hypotheses - Questions - Aims - Objectives

- Hypotheses

37. Which of the following is the first step in starting the research process?: - Searching sources of information to locate problem. - Survey of related literature - Identification of problem - Searching for solutions to the problem

- Identification of problem

17. What is the main advantage of producing a written research proposal?: - Helps with credibility. - Informs all interested parties - Helps keep people employed. - Helps the institution.

- Informs all interested parties

24. Which proposal section is intended to describe the purpose with a full statement of the research Question?: - Introduction - Literature review. - References. - Proposed Method.

- Introduction

8. The core ingredients (elements) of a dissertation are: - Introduction; Data collection; Data analysis; Conclusions and recommendations. - Executive summary; Literature review; Data gathered; Conclusions; Bibliography. - Research plan; Research data; Analysis; References. - Introduction; Literature review; Objectives, Research methods; Results; Discussion; Conclusion.

- Introduction; Literature review; Objectives, Research methods; Results; Discussion; Conclusion.

50. What is research problem?: - Is an educational issue or concern that an investigator presents - Justifies in a research study - Opinions and attitudes - Is an educational issue or concern that an investigator presents and justifies in a research study

- Is an educational issue or concern that an investigator presents and justifies in a research study

85. An advantage of an interview over a questionnaire may be: - It provides more structured data - The time taken is generally shorter for interviews - It is easier to analyze - It allows trust and rapport to be developed

- It allows trust and rapport to be developed

61. A literature review is an important part of the research process because: - It is a summary of what literature is available on your topic - It allows you identify and read key books and articles by some of the main figures who have written in the field. - My supervisor likes to create more reading for me. - I like to visit the library and read generally around my topic.

- It allows you identify and read key books and articles by some of the main figures who have written in the field.

7. Which comes first, theory or research?: - Theory, because otherwise you are working in the dark - Research, because that's the only way you can develop a theory - It depends on your point of view - The question is meaningless, because you can't have one without the other

- It depends on your point of view

23. The proposal's literature review is important because: - The tutor insists upon it. - It looks authoritative - It is expected by the university. - It shows that you are knowledgeable about the literature that relates to your research topic

- It looks authoritative

90. Which of the follow is a benefit of a systematic review?: - It reduces researcher bias and demands the researcher is comprehensive of their approach. - It is really quick to complete. - It is cost effective as an approach. - It provides internal validity to the study.

- It reduces researcher bias and demands the researcher is comprehensive of their approach.

48. What is the purpose of the conclusion in a research report?: - It just a summary what the article already said. - It summarizes the key findings in relation to the research questions. - It contains a useful review of the relevant literature. - It outlines the methodological procedures that were employed.

- It summarizes the key findings in relation to the research questions.

10. A literature review is based on the assumption that: - Copy from the work of others - Knowledge accumulates and learns from the work of others - Knowledge disaccumulates - None of the above option

- Knowledge accumulates and learns from the work of others

100. Constraints or problems in a study are known as: - Assumptions - Generalisations - Concepts - Limitations

- Limitations

73. Which is the right order of four basic sections of a quantitative research report?: - Literature review, results, method, discussion. - Literature review, method, results, discussion. - Discussion, literature review, method, results. - Literature review, discussion, method, results. - Method, results, literature review, discussion.

- Literature review, method, results, discussion.

14. All of these may appear in a research proposal, but which one will ALWAYS appear?: - Creative objective. - Marketing objective. - Business objective. - Research objective.

- Marketing objective. This question is no longer valid, look at number 18 instead, which is "Research objective" is the answer.

30. How are research questions most often described?: - Arising within a laboratory setting - Posed after important factors are identified - May arise from our everyday life experiences - Always answered if we follow a scientific method of inqui

- May arise from our everyday life experiences

81. Identifying someone gender is an example of: - Nominal measurement - Ordinal measurement - Interval measurement - Ratio measurement

- Nominal measurement

45. The following is not an essential element of report writing?: - Research Methodology - Reference - Conclusion - None of these

- None of these

39. A research paper is a brief report of research work based on: - Primary Data only - Secondary Data only - Primary and Secondary Data - All are corrects

- Primary and Secondary Data

13. Conducting surveys is the most common method of generating: - Primary data - Secondary data - Qualitative data - None of the above

- Primary data

93. The role of a project supervisor is to: - Make sure you keep to your schedule and deadlines - Provide intellectual support, guidance and critical feedback - Negotiate access to the research setting on the student's behalf - Give you a reading list

- Provide intellectual support, guidance and critical feedback

18. All of these may appear in a research proposal, but which one will ALWAYS appear?: - Research objective. - Creative objective. - Business objective. - Marketing objective.

- Research objective.

27. The final research report is NOT: - Future secondary data. - Research proposal. - Basis for decision-making. - Tangible evidence of a research project.

- Research proposal.

70. The most critical areas of an article to read is: - Results section - Introduction - Abstract - Limitations

- Results section

29. Projects do go wrong. In one case a student was indecisive and collected anything, just in case it came in useful: web sites, photocopies, brochures. The questionnaire even included irrelevant questions, just in case the information could be useful. Which ONE of the following would have been realistic and would have helped the most with this problem?: - Using a Gantt chart. - Setting a clear objective. - Regular progress reports to the supervisor. - Using SPSS. - Being less ambitious.etting a clear objective.

- Setting a clear objective.

67. Before searching you should define the timeframe of your search. Why?: - So you find the most articles. - So you don't find the library busy. - So you do not incur unnecessary costs. - So you work when you are most efficient.

- So you work when you are most efficient.

75. In the results section, the minimum information needed to be presented for each hypothesis or questions is: - Statistical test used. - Statistical test used and the results of the test. - The significance level of the test. - Statistical test used, the results of the test, the significance level of the test, and a written description of the statistical test as support for or rejection of the hypothesis, or connecting the result of the statistical test to the answering of the research question

- Statistical test used, the results of the test, the significance level of the test, and a written description of the statistical test as support for or rejection of the hypothesis, or connecting the result of the statistical test to the answering of the research question

76. To put ideas together to form a new whole is: - Evaluation - Synthesis - Analysis - Application

- Synthesis

77. Which of the following statements are true?: - The larger the sample size, the greater the sampling error - The more categories or breakdowns you want to make in your data analysis, the larger the sample needed - The fewer categories or breakdowns you want to make in your data analysis, the larger - the sample needed - As sample size decreases, so does the size of the confidence interval

- The more categories or breakdowns you want to make in your data analysis, the larger the sample needed

28. What helps to agree timing, agree resource allocation and also draws boundaries?: - The final report. - The proposal. - The observation form. - The questionnaire.

- The proposal.

65. Researchers need to be cautious of some material, particularly material found online. Why?: - It has been used before. - The quality is unknown. - It is too recent. - The authors name often does not appear.

- The quality is unknown.

74. The discussion section is characterized by: - The researcher's reporting of the statistical results. - A brief conclusion and description of statistical tests. - Repeating all of the literature listed in the literature review. - The researcher's interpretation of the results. - The inclusion of tables and graphs.

- The researcher's interpretation of the results.

79. What should not be included in a research proposal?: - A summary of existing work in the area - The proposed methods to collect data - The results that will be obtained - An acknowledgement of any ethical issues

- The results that will be obtained

34. How would you define the research process?: - The researcher's plan of action to be followed when carrying out research. - A method of collecting research data. - The stages or steps the researcher follows in carrying out a research project. - The account of a study the researcher will write at the end of the study ready for publication.

- The stages or steps the researcher follows in carrying out a research project.

91. When accessing the internet, which of these steps is the most essential?: - Recording the full URL - Noting the access dates - Downloading material to be referenced - They are all equally important

- They are all equally important

31. In general, when selecting factors for a study, you want to be sure of which of these?: - They have been investigated before - They are available to investigate - They are not of interest to you - They do not lead to another question

- They are available to investigate

98. One of the advantages of self-completion questionnaires over structured interviews is that: - They are quicker and cheaper to administer - They create interviewer effects - They have greater measurement validity - They are less prone to inter-coder variation

- They are quicker and cheaper to administer

25. Which ONE of these phrases is best avoided in a proposal?: - This research draws upon the work of........... - I hope to............ - This research seeks to............. - The intention is to complete the study by..........

- This research seeks to.............

35. Why does a researcher write a research proposal at the start of a study?: - So they will not forget what they are doing during the study. - So they can advertise for people to take part in the study. - To make sure they have not left any part of the study out when they are planning it. - To apply for ethical approval and to gain permission to access participants or sources of data.

- To apply for ethical approval and to gain permission to access participants or sources of data.

46. What is the purpose of doing research?: - To identify problem - To find the solution - To identify problem and to find the solution - None of these

- To identify problem and to find the solution

96. Why is it helpful to keep a research diary or log book while you are conducting your project?: - To give you something to do in the early stages of your research when nothing is happening - Because funding councils general demand to see written evidence, you were working every day during the period of the research - To keep a record of what you did and what happened throughout the research process - It can be added to your dissertation to ensure that you reach the required word limit

- To keep a record of what you did and what happened throughout the research process

40. Questionnaire is a : - Research method - Measurement technique - Tool for data collection - Data analysis technique

- Tool for data collection

36. Research is: - Searching again and again - Finding solution to any problem - Working in a scientific way to search for truth of any problem - All are corrects

- Working in a scientific way to search for truth of any problem