ZOO 3731 (Anatomy) - Exam 1

nasal bones

- Form bridge of nose - Articulate with frontal, maxillary, and ethmoid bones - Attach to cartilage that forms tip of nose

Epicondyle

A projection situated above a condyle

Atlas (C1)

Articulates with occipital condyles of skull. Has no body or spinous process

Manubrium of sternum

Articulates with ribs 1, 2, & clavicles.

mandibular fossa of temporal bone

Articulates with the head of the mandible to form the TMJ

Lateral

Away from the midline of the body

superior orbital fissure of sphenoid bone

Between greater and lesser wing on the sphenoid bone

squamous suture

Between parietal and temporal bones

Osteoblasts

Bone building cells

osteoclasts

Bone-destroying cells, derived from monocytes.

Maxillae

Bones of the upper jaw

pneumatized bones

Bones that are hallow or contain numerous air pockets (ie. ethmoid, frontal, maxilla, sphenoid)

stratum basale

Bottom layer of the epidermis. Contains keratinocytes (only germinating cells in skin) which push older cells upward, melanocytes (which extend up to spinosum), and merkel cells (sense light touch).

reticular layer of dermis

Contains fibroblasts, blood vessels, sweat and oil glands, and lamellated (pacini) corpuscle

sacral canal of sacrum

Continuation of vertebral canal

hair papilla

Dermal tissue - blood supply

Epiphysis (long bone)

End of a long bone

holocrine glands

Exocrine glands whose secretions are made up of whole disintegrated cells

Distal

Farther from the trunk of the body

2

How many layers of the dermis is present in thick skin?

papillary layer

If a needle pokes your skin and results in instant bleeding, which skin layer has the needle reached? a. stratum spinosum b. papillary layer c. stratum basale d. stratum granulosum e.stratum corneum

Trochanter

Large rough projection only on the Femur

Auscultation

Listening with a stethoscope (diagnostic technique)

Proximal

Nearer to the trunk of the body

Foramen

Round or oval opening through a bone

Apocrine Glands

Sweat glands in the pubic and underarm areas that secrete thicker sweat, that produce odor when come in contact with bacteria on the skin

bone remodeling

The continuous turnover of bone matrix and mineral that involves first, an increase in resorption and osteoclast activity, and later, reactive bone formation by osteoblast activity.

stratum spinosum

The layer where langerhans cells (intraepidermal macrophages) are found.

flat bones

These bones are thin, flat, and curved. They include the ribs, sternum, scapula, and some cranial bones.

dorsal (posterior)

Toward or at the back of the body; behind

Medial

Toward the midline of the body

intervertebral foramen

What is the name of the opening thru which the spinal nerves pass after branching from the spinal chord?

stratified squamous

What kind of epithelium would you find lining the esophagus?

stratum basale

What layer of the skin are merkle cells present?

osteoclast; resorption

When calcium levels in the blood fall below homeostasis, which bone cells act to raise calcium levels and through what mechanism?

percussion

a diagnostic procedure to examine by the sound produced by tapping the surface with the fingers

dermal papillae

a fingerlike projection of the dermis that may contain blood capillaries or Meissner corpuscles (of touch)

stratum lucidum

a layer of the epidermis found only in the thick skin of the fingers, palms, and soles

lordosis

abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine

Scoliosis

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

body of sternum

articulates with costal cartilages of ribs 2-7

Acetabulum of coxal bone

articulates with head of femur

inferior costal facet of thoracic vertebrae

articulates with head of rib inferior to it

superior costal facet of thoracic vertebrae

articulates with head of ribs

sternal end of clavicle

articulates with sternum

acromial end of clavicle

articulates with the acromion of the scapula (lateral)

glenoid fossa of scapula

articulates with the head of the humerus

mandibular condyle of the mandible

articulates with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone

transverse costal facet of thoracic vertebrae

articulates with tubercle of rib

Metaphysis (long bone)

between diaphysis and epiphysis

neck of rib

between head and tubercle of rib

hallux

big toe

Humerus

bone of the upper arm

inferior nasal conchae (not part of ethmoid)

bone that helps to swirl and filter air before it passes into the lungs

sesamoid bones

bones that form within tendons (ex. patella, pisiform)

trabeculae of spongy bone

branched networks of bone matrix with space for red bone marrow

vertebral foramen

canal through which spinal cord passes

Meatus

canal-like passageway

epiphyseal plate

cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place in the immature skeleton

medullary cavity

cavity within the shaft of the long bones filled with bone marrow

osteoprogenitor cells

cells that differentiate into osteoblasts

abdominopelvic cavity

contains both the abdominal and pelvic cavities

pericardial cavity

contains the heart

pleural cavity

contains the lungs

thoracic cavity

contains the pleural cavity and pericardial cavity

ventral cavity

contains the thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity

hyaline cartilage

costal cartilage is composed of:

coronal plane

divides body into anterior and posterior

transverse plane

divides the body into superior and inferior parts

kyphosis

excessive thoracic curvature

bifoid spinous process

feature only found in cervical vertebra

carotid canal of temporal bone

for internal carotid artery

vomer bone

forms the base for the nasal septum

Cribiform plate of ethmoid

forms the roof of the nasal cavity

sacral foramen

holes in sacrum

sella turcica of sphenoid bone

houses the pituitary gland

dorsal cavity

includes the cranial and spinal cavities.

zygomatic bones

known as the cheekbones, articulate with the frontal bone (forehead)

radius

lateral bone of the forearm

stratum granulosum

layer where cells are undergoing apoptosis. contains granule of proteins and lipids thats make ECM and waterproof our skin.

descending colon, Sigmoid colon

left lower quadrant organs (main)

cuneiforms (medial, intermediate, lateral)

left to right

stomach, spleen, left lobe of liver, pancreas, part of transverse and descending colon

left upper quadrant organs (main)

Interstitial lamellae (compact bone)

leftover parts of osteons that have been partially resorbed. between osteons.

Canaliculi (compact bone)

little channels that connect lacunae to central canal and eachother

prone position

lying on abdomen, facing downward

supine position

lying on back, facing upward

Osteocytes

mature bone cells found in lacunae

Ulna

medial bone of the forearm

sulcus

narrow groove, depression

fissure

narrow slit between adjacent parts of bones through which blood vessels or nerves pass

free nerve endings in the dermis

nociceptor (pain) and thermoreceptor (temp)

hyoid bone

only bone that does not articulate with another bone, part of the axial skeleton

Mandible

only moveable facial bone

foramen magnum of occipital bone

opening through which spinal cord connects to lower brain

stratum corneum

outermost layer of the epidermis, consists of flattened, keratinized cells

nasal septum is formed by

perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone and the vomer forms what structure

sagittal plane

plane that divides body into left and right

head of rib

posterior end of a rib that articulates with the bodies of thoracic vertebrae

intramembranous ossification

process by which bone forms directly from mesenchymal tissue, forms flat bones in cranium and clavicle

endochondral ossification

process in which bone forms by replacing hyaline cartilage

spinous process

projection on all vertebra except atlas

crista galli of ethmoid bone

projection the middle of the cribriform plate, helps to secure the brain anteriorly

secondary ossification center

region of bone development in the epiphysis

primary ossification center

region of formation of long bone in diaphysis

epiphyseal line

remnant of the epiphyseal plate, seen in adult bones

appendix, ascending colon

right lower quadrant organs (main)

liver, gallbladder, part of ascending and transverse colon

right upper quadrant organs (main)

concentric lamellae (compact bone)

rings of bone tissue surrounding central canal

Tuberosity

rough projection for attaachment

Condyle

rounded articular projection, often articulates with a corresponding fossa

occipital condyles of occipital bone

rounded processes that articulate with the atlas (C1)

Axis (C2)

second cervical vertebrae. Allows the head to shake "no"

sebaceous glands

secrete sebum (oil) into the hair follicles where the hair shafts pass through the dermis

Diaphysis (long bone)

shaft of a long bone

Fossa

shallow depression, often serves as articulation site

inferior orbital fissure of the sphenoid

shared between sphenoid, maxilla, palatine, and zygomatic

tubercle of rib

small bump on the posterior side of a rib for articulation with the transverse process of a thoracic vertebra

Lacunae (compact bone)

small cavities in bone that contain osteocytes

Tactile corpuscles (Meissner's corpuscles)

small egg-shaped sensor; just beneath the epidermis; light pressure, discriminative touch, vibration

Tubercle

small rounded projection

stapes

smallest bone in the body

facet

smooth, nearly flat articular surface

Osteon

structural unit of compact bone

areolar and adipose tissue

subcutaneous layer is composed of:

perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone

superior portion of the bony nasal septum

lambdoidal suture

suture between parietal bones and occipital bone

sagittal suture

suture between the two parietal bones

eccrine

sweat gland (sudoreferous gland) is what type of gland

inspection

the act of examining or reviewing (diagnostic technique)

bone deposition

the addition of minerals and collagen fibers to bone by osteoblasts

bone resorption

the removal of minerals and collagen fibers from bone by osteoclasts

two (epidermis and dermis)

the skin is made of how many layers?

coronal suture

the suture between the parietal and frontal bones of the skull

3 cranial: frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid zygomatic 4 facial: maxilla, palatine, lacrimal, ethmoid

these ones form the orbit

Pollex

thumb

sutural bones

tiny bones between cranial bones

Ligament

tissue that connects bone to bone

tendon

tissue that connects muscle to bone (or any 2 different things)

palpation

to examine by touch (diagnostic technique)

Ventral (anterior)

toward or at the front of the body; in front of

cephalic

toward the head

caudal

toward the tail

Dense fibrous irregular connective

type of tissue in dermis

Keratanized Stratified Squamous Epithelium

type of tissue in epidermis

papillary layer of dermis

upper layer of the dermis that forms dermal papillae

irregular bones

vertebrae, pelvic bones, facial bones, calcaneus, and some cranial bones (e.g., temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid) are examples of

Ribs 11-12

vertebral (floating) ribs

Ribs 8-10

vertebrochondral ribs

Ribs 1-7

vertebrosternal ribs

PEST OF (2 parietal, ethmoid, sphenoid, 2 temporal, occipital, frontal)

what are the cranial bones?

sphenoid bone

which bone articulates with all other cranial bones

mast cells

which cell stimulates local inflammation?