08 MIDTERM OVERQUIZ
The host of a radio program makes a "red flag" claim about a nutrition-related product, because the claim is generally an indication that the information about the product is unreliable. The radio program host said,
"All ingredients in this product have been scientifically tested and clinically proven."
Which of the following statements is a health claim that FDA allows on a food package?
"Healthful diets with adequate folate may reduce a woman's risk of having a child with a brain or spinal cord defect."
Which of the following statements is a health claim that FDA allows on a food package?
"While many factors affect heart disease, diets low in saturated fat and cholesterol may reduce the risk of this disease."
Table sugar is nearly _____ carbohydrate.
100%
According to MyPlate, Felicia should consume 3 cups of dairy products daily. How much cottage cheese should she eat to replace 1 cup of milk?
2 cups
MyPlate
2 cups
According to MyPlate, Donovan should consume 3 cups of dairy products daily. Which of the following foods should he eat to replace 1 cup of milk?
2 oz American cheese
According to Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010, most healthy people who are less than 51 years of age should limit their sodium intake to _____ mg/day.
2300
The liver uses cholesterol to make
Bile
Which of the following organs is not an accessory organ of the digestive system?
Brain
Which of the following topics is one of the four key components of Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010?
Building healthy eating patterns
Abe wants to use canned or frozen peaches to make a dessert. While shopping for the fruit, how can he determine which kind has the least sugar per serving?
By comparing sugar content information that is listed in the Nutrition Facts panels.
Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of monounsaturated fatty acids?
Canola oil
Hillary would like to add more soluble fiber to her diet. Which of the following foods should she add?
Citrus fruits
Which of the following practices is an example of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)?
Consuming St. John's wort to improve mood
A nutrition scientist wants to develop a nutritionally complete formula diet for adults who are healthy but need to avoid solid food for awhile. Based on this information, she is likely to refer to _____ when developing the new formula.
DRIs
Which of the following standards can help you compare nutrient contents of packaged foods to make more healthful choices?
DVs
The ____ is responsible for ensuring the safety and effectiveness of medications.
FDA
Which of the following foods provides the most carbohydrates per 4-ounce serving?
Fat-free milk
The government agency that enforces consumer protection laws by investigating false or misleading health-related claims is the
Federal Trade Commission (FTC).
Which of the following foods is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids?
Flaxseeds
Which of the following substances is a simple sugar?
Fructose
Which of the following menu items has ingredients that represent two different MyPlate food groups?
Fruit smoothie made with vanilla yogurt, orange juice, fat-free milk, and fresh peaches
_____ can be classified as a dietary supplement.
Gingko biloba
Which of the following foods is naturally a rich source of phytochemicals?
Grapes
Which of the following substances carries cholesterol away from tissues?
HDL
Which of the following conditions or diseases is a leading diet-related cause of death in the United States?
Heart disease
A physician who hosts a popular TV show makes several nutrition-related claims during one of the programs. Which of the doctor's claims is a "red flag" of unreliable information?
Kava cures migraine headaches.
Which of the following carbohydrates is in plain, fat-free milk?
Lactose
____ is an example of an "empty-calorie" food.
Lite beer
Which of the following organs is the main site for detoxifying alcohol?
Liver
Which of the following organs relies on enterohepatic circulation to recycle bile salts?
Liver
Which of the following characteristics or conditions is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD)?
Male sex
You are planning a party for a group of college students. Some of the students follow the dietary practices of the Jewish, Islamic, and Mormon religions. Which of the following menu items would be acceptable to everyone at the party?
Meatless bean dip
_____ is the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in living cells.
Metabolism
Before she shops for groceries, Terry plans several nutritionally adequate daily menus for her family. Which of the following guides is the best menu-planning tool for her to use?
MyPlate
Sari would like to compare the cholesterol contents of canned tuna. She should read the ___ on the products' labels.
Nutrition Facts panel
Which of the following groups of foods is not a major food group of MyPlate?
Oils
Which of the following organs produces and secretes enzymes that are essential for proper digestion?
Pancreas
Which of the following foods is a source of cholesterol?
Pork steak
Which of the following nutrients is a source of energy?
Protein
The amount of vitamin C that meets about 98% of the population's need for the nutrient is the _____ for the vitamin.
RDA
Which of the following foods has a low glycemic index (less than 70)?
Raw carrots
Which of the following kinds of studies would be the best to use to identify lifestyle factors that may be related to the development of liver cancer in an adult population?
Retrospective study
Which of the following foods contains cholesterol?
Roast pork
When following recipes, Candice wants to use fats that are not solid fats. Which of the following fats should she use?
Safflower oil
Which of the following menu items has ingredients that represent all MyPlate food groups?
Salad made hard-cooked eggs, grapes, leaf lettuce, cooked pasta, and cheddar cheese
One day, Hillary consumed a handful of peanuts, a bowl of chocolate pudding, a sugar-sweetened soft drink, and three hard-cooked eggs. According to MyPlate, which of these foods is empty calories?
Soft drink
Which of the following foods is the most nutrient dense per serving?
Soy milk
The body uses cholesterol to make
Steroid hormones
Which of the following menu items has ingredients that represent three different MyPlate food groups?
Stir-fry made with chicken, broccoli, rice, green peas, and soy sauce
Researchers at a major American university plan a 10-year scientific study to investigate lifestyle factors that contribute to heart disease. Which of the following activities is likely to be a component of their research efforts?
Submitting an article describing the study to a peer-reviewed journal
Which of the following substances is a nutrient that provides energy for humans?
Sugar
Which of the following foods or beverages is the main source of added sugars in American diets?
Sugar-sweetened soft drinks
_____ includes farming techniques that do not deplete natural resources or harm the environment.
Sustainable agriculture
Which of the following practices is most likely to result in a vitamin toxicity disorder?
Taking megadoses of various vitamin supplements daily
Which of the following practices is an example of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)?
Visiting a chiropractor to have a spinal treatment
The body uses cholesterol to make
Vitamin D
Which of the following substances is a nutrient that does not supply any energy for the human body?
Vitamin D
Belle is pregnant and has two young children. She is having difficulty supporting her family on an income of $18,000/year. Recently, she was diagnosed with high blood pressure and iron deficiency. Based on this information, Belle should enroll in the _____ program.
WIC
Scientists at a major university have isolated a chemical from grapes. Which of the following features is an indication that this chemical could be a vitamin?
When a person's diet lacks the chemical, his or her body experiences abnormal functioning.
Which of the following observations is an example of a positive correlation?
When a population's vitamin D intake decreases, the percentage of people in the population that have healthy immune systems decreases.
Which of the following observations is an example of an inverse correlation?
When members of a population increase their consumption of milk and milk products, their risk of bone fractures decreases.
Which of the following foods is a rich source of starch?
White rice
When Leah parties with her friends, she usually drinks 6 beers during a 2-hour party. At this level of alcohol consumption, she is
a binge drinker.
The professional football star Andro "The Man" McGraw claims the dietary supplement AminoProFix helped him build muscle mass quickly and safely. His endorsement of the product is an example of
a testimonial.
In 2010, Americans ate more ____ than in 1970.
added sugars
Zack takes 500 mg of vitamin C daily. He advises his friends to take vitamin C supplements because, he claims, the vitamin protects him from cold viruses. His claim about the usefulness of the vitamin is an
anecdote
A substance that can protect a person's cells from being damaged or destroyed by certain harmful factors is a (an)
antioxidant.
Women who are trying to become pregnant or are pregnant should
avoid all forms of alcohol.
A liquid has a pH that is higher than the pH of pure water but lower than the pH of household ammonia. Based on this information, the liquid is
baking soda
Avi's salivary glands do not secrete amylase. As a result of his condition, his mouth
begin starch digestion.
The liver recycles bile salts to make new
bile.
A primary function of the digestive system is the
breakdown of food into nutrients.
Carter wants to lower his blood cholesterol level. Based on this information, he should limit his intake of
butter and beef.
Brett eats _____ to increase his intake of omega-3 fatty acids.
canned sardines
A team of scientists extracts a chemical that they call "Zombia" from the leaves of a common houseplant. One of the scientists would like to market Zombia as a dietary supplement because it makes people sleepy, when it is injected into them. Based on this information, Zombia
cannot be marketed as a dietary supplement.
Generally, epidemiological studies
cannot determine cause-and-effect relationships.
Most forms of _____ are a source of energy for cells.
carbohydrate
Scientists study 200 adults who have type 2 diabetes and 200 adults who have similar characteristics but do not have the disease. For 18 months, the researchers collect lifestyle information on all the study participants. According to the study's findings, the adults with type 2 diabetes were 25% less physically active than their counterparts who did not have type 2 diabetes. This is an example of a(n) _____ study.
case-control
The ____ is the smallest living functional unit in an organism.
cell
Jeremy would like to know the amount of vitamin C that is recommended for his life stage group. He can obtain this information by
checking the RDA table for vitamin C.
After being absorbed, most lipids become incorporated into
chylomicrons.
The primary function of the cardiovascular system is
circulation of blood throughout the body.
Blood and blood vessels are primary components of the _____ system.
circulatory
Having a control group enables researchers to
compare findings of the control group with those of the experimental group.
If your diet supplies more sugar and starch than you need, the excess can be
converted into fat and stored.
According to a main goal of Healthy People 2020, Americans should
create environments that foster good health for everyone.
Hannah is in her 5th month of pregnancy. Her diet is poor because she rarely pays attention to her food choices, and she eats a limited variety of foods that she likes. Hannah was described as "undernourished" by her physician. Based on this information, Hannah is likely to
deliver a baby who has breathing difficulties.
For 5 years, Michael ate only plant foods. He recently developed numbness in his feet and a sore swollen tongue. A few days after he added eggs and milk to his diet, his tongue healed and the numbness in his feet stopped bothering him. Based on this information, Michael probably
developed a nutrient deficiency disorder that was cured by the eating animal foods.
Steve has pancreatic cancer. As a result of the disease, Steve has a high risk of
diabetes mellitus.
Which of the following websites is most likely a source of biased and unreliable nutrition information?
dietsnomore4u.com
Pancreatic amylase
digests starch in the small intestine.
A magazine advertisement for a weight loss product includes before and after photos of a woman who supposedly lost 50 pounds in 3 weeks while taking the product. The bottom of the ad includes the statement, "Results are not typical." This statement is an example of a(n)
disclaimer.
Impoverished children who live in developing countries have a high risk of dying from
drinking polluted water.
Food guides generally do not group _____ with dairy foods.
eggs
Iron, calcium, and carbon are
elements
Hillary consumed 3 servings of an orange-flavored sugar-sweetened soft drink that provided 140 kcal/serving. According to MyPlate, these drinks should be classified as
empty calories.
An _____ is a compound that speeds up (catalyzes) a chemical reaction.
enzyme
A group of scientists would like to determine lifestyle factors that are associated with the development of asthma among American children. Based on this information, the researchers should design a (an) _____ study.
epidemiological
The Exchange System allows you to
estimate your protein intake.
When cells have more glucose than they need energy, they may convert some of the excess into
fat
Compared to 40 years ago, Americans generally consume more
fruit
The three most important dietary monosaccharides for humans are
galactose, glucose, and fructose.
Last night, Sara ate French fries, fried fish, and creamy cole slaw. For dessert, she had a chocolate milk shake. About an hour after eating this food, she suddenly complained of severe abdominal pain. Based on this information, Sara probably has
gallstones
Jared often eats a large dinner about an hour before he lies down to sleep. Based on this information, he is likely to develop
gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Katie is pregnant. She has type 1 diabetes and often has difficulty controlling her blood glucose level. Based on this information, Katie is likely to
give birth to a baby that has birth defects.
Erika has type 1 diabetes and gives herself insulin injections to help manage her blood glucose level. One afternoon, Erika tested her blood and discovered that her blood glucose level was 260 mg/dl. Based on this information, Erika should
give herself a specific dose of insulin.
The starch in oatmeal and wheat is composed of _____ molecules.
glucose
Albert is a healthy, 23-year-old college student. He would like to know more about his risk of cardiovascular disease, so he can take preventive measures, if they are necessary. Albert should
have a lipoprotein profile performed on a sample of his blood.
The Tolerable Upper Limit for a nutrient is the
highest average amount that is unlikely to harm most people when consumed daily.
Having high blood levels of _____ may increase a person's risk of CVD.
homocysteine
Certain organs and tissues use _____ to send messages to target cells.
hormones
Betty is constipated; she generally has bowel movements only twice a week. To help relieve her constipation without taking medications, Betty should
increase her intake of foods that contain insoluble fiber.
A(n) _____ is an atom or a group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge.
ion
Bethany consumes a very-low-carbohydrate diet that supplies less than 100 g of carbohydrate daily, but she eats high amounts of meat and fat. As a result of her diet, Bethany's cells form more _____ than normal.
ketone bodies
Betty has type 2 diabetes, and she has difficulty keeping her fasting blood glucose level under 180 mg/dl. Based on this information, Betty has a high risk of
kidney failure.
After being absorbed, most lipids become incorporated into chylomicrons and enter
lacteals within the villi.
Caden develops intestinal cramps and gas after he drinks more than a half cup of milk. He can eat yogurt and cheese without any discomfort. Based on this information, Caden probably has
lactose intolerance.
The _____ helps form feces by absorbing excess water and some minerals from chyme.
large intestine
Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome usually includes making dietary changes and
learning ways to manage stress effectively.
A chylomicron is a type of
lipoprotein
Coretta has severe chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). To reduce her likelihood of developing heartburn, her physician recommended that she
lose excess body fat.
Marcus has an infection that causes a temporary loss of villi. Based on this information, you would expect Marcus to _____ while he has this illness.
lose weight rapidly
A group of registered dietitians is planning to conduct a scientific study to investigate the effects of eating honey on school-age children's behavior. At first, the researchers will
make observations.
According to Shawn's physician, Shawn has a high risk of _____ because his waist circumference is 42 inches, his blood pressure consistently measures 140 mm Hg/90 mm Hg, and his fasting blood glucose level is 110 mg/dl.
metabolic syndrome
Lactose is the disaccharide in
milk.
The process of digesting food begins in the
mouth.
An essential nutrient
must be supplied by the diet.
In the United States, food insecurity is most likely to affect
older adults on fixed incomes.
An _____ is a body structure composed of tissues that have related functions.
organ
Tyler smokes cigarettes, drinks excess alcohol, and takes aspirins regularly to treat his headaches. Based on this information, Tyler has a high risk of developing
peptic ulcers.
Researchers are conducting a study to determine the effects of vitamin C on the human immune system. The study involves providing pills that contain vitamin C to one group of human subjects and pills that do not contain vitamin C or other active ingredients to another group of people. The pills that do not contain the vitamin are
placebos.
The body uses essential fatty acids to make
prostaglandins.
In the body, lipids
provide energy.
In the body, lipids
provide insulation against cold temperatures.
Glucagon
raises blood glucose levels.
A group of nutrition researchers interviews 100 adults who have chronic high blood pressure to determine whether there is an association between consuming diets low in calcium during adolescence and developing high blood pressure in adulthood. This study is an example of a ____ study.
retrospective
Eating a high-salt diet increases people's chances of developing high blood pressure. Thus, a diet that supplies excessive amounts of salt is a ____ for high blood pressure.
risk factor
During a television interview, Dr. Ima Quack provides the following statement. "Most Americans suffer from nutritional deficiency diseases and will develop cancer within the next 10 years because they are not taking my megavitamin formula therapy." Dr. Quack's statement is an example of a(n)
scare tactic.
Chyme is the
semisolid liquid formed by the partial digestion of food in the stomach.
Which of the following substances is a complex carbohydrate?
starch
Most of the people living in a small South African village have access to nutritious foods. Soon after their birth, 10 infants in the village developed severe diarrhea, which resulted in dehydration. After questioning the infants' parents, local public health officials were able to determine the cause of the diarrhea. Based on the officials' findings, the parents were advised to
stop diluting the babies' formula with local well water.
Adipose cells
store triglycerides.
The primary function of an adipose cell is
storing fat.
Dietitians often refer to _____ as "empty-calorie" foods.
sugar-sweetened soft drinks
Actress Lotta Talent appears in commercials endorsing the herbal supplement hoodia for weight loss. Her endorsement is an example of a(n)
testimonial.
In 2010, Americans ate more ____ than in 1970.
total calories
Today, Sean only ate three sandwiches made with whole-grain buns, 3 slices of cheese, and 10 ounces of roast beef. He also drank 3 cups of orange juice. According to MyPlate, he ate nothing from the food group that includes
vegetables.