1-3 pharmacy

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ethyl 1 methyl-4-phenyl isonipecotate hydrochloride is and example of what drug name?

chemical name

in order to avoid confusion over the various names given to drugs, many hospitals are now using which drug names, which is the most common name and is recognized all over the world?

generic name

who indicated the right dose of the drug you are given?

healthcare provide/doctor

in the acronym PINCH, P is for potassium, I is for insulin, N is for narcotics (opioids), C is for cancer chemotherapy drugs, and H is for heparin or any drug type that interferes with blood clotting this acronym is helpful for identifying which category of drugs?

high alert drugs

why is it important to note whether your patient is dehydrated or over hydrated when adjusting the dosage of a new prescription?

hydration impacts the blood flow which determines how well the drug is distribution throughout the body

information used to reliably prove an individual is the person for whom the drug treatment was intended. example persons full name, medical record, ID #, birthdate, or even telephone number

identifiers

the nurse who is taking the pain drug is violating the American Nurse Association (ANA) Code og Ethics and is unable to fulfill his duties in a safe and effective manner. what is this called?

impaired nurse

the act of carrying out the planned interventions

implementation

standing drug order

indicates that the drug is to be given until discontinued or for a certain number of doses

as needed drug order/PRN

is an order for a drug to be given as needed based on a nurses judgement of safety and patient need

why might you not be able to crush a particular drug and give it to one of your patients who has difficulty swallowing the drug?

crushing the drug will speed up the delivery to the patients system which maybe create adverse reactions

a name (or label) for the patient's disease or condition

diagnosis

a patient has an allergic reaction to a new drug that has just been just given for the first time. what type of drug order is this?

emergency or STAT drug order

before giving your patient a prescribed drug, it is important that you are familiar with possible reactions, the patients current history, and whether the patient is responding correctly. what is this process called?

nursing process

before you crush his pills, however, you refer to the Institude of State Medicine website to ensure the pill can be used this way. what is this called?

do not crush list

dosages of controlled substances are dispensed by the pharmacy with an accompanying ? sheet on which the nurse must record the administration of the drug

inventory

emergency or STAT drug order

is a one time order to be given immediately

how do you ensure you are giving the right drug?

read order/label at least 3 times

what practice can cause the most potential harm when caring for a patient with communicable disease?

recapping a needle that you just used to inject the patient

for a drug to work inside the body, it needs to attach to which of the following areas in order to activate the chemical reaction between the drug and the body?

receptor sites

what doing a patient history you will gather objective and subjective data. why is it important information to gather on the patient?

it can be used as a baseline for comparison of the patients condition as care progresses

why does the right reason matter when giving the drug?

know the symptoms, does it make sense

why would you know the reason you are giving the patient the drug

learn what the drug is supposed to do for the patient

biotransformation is the process by which the body transforms the drug into usable or inactive components and happens primarily in the ?

liver

drugs to be used to patients are kept either in a ? cabinet or an automated dispensing system

locked

how do you manage a patients right to refuse a drug?

make sure ask reason for refusal, provide good patient teaching, and document

LPN/VN practice has shifted over the past decade. although current most graduates practice in long-term and community-based settings, previously where did they most frequently practice?

mostly in acute care settings (hospital/based case)

what information a legal prescription order must contain?

name of drug route of administration dose duration

chemical name

names that include all the different substances used to make the drug

a system to guide the nurses work in a logical way. 5 steps. assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation

nursing process

what is the preferred route of drug administration?

oral

five methods that can be used to give drugs to a patient

oral (by mouth) sublingual (under the tongue) feeding tube rectally injection

federal laws define three categories of drugs, including controlled substances and prescription drugs. what is the third category?

over the counter drugs

Buspirone isn't given to a patient who is already taking Prozac to help boost the effects of the antidepressant. what drug action is that?

partial agonist

a patient who has been taking controlled substances for pain decided she no longer needs them. after a few days she begins shaking and becomes confused. what is this condition?

physical dependence resulting in drug withdrawal

access to these drugs is never given to ? or any unauthorized healthcare workers

physicians

you cannot give a drug unless there is a prescription ordered by a healthcare provider who has prescription authority. who of the following individuals would most likely NOT have authority to sign a prescription?

psychologist

psychological dependence

"I need it" desire they have to have it

evaluation

-after giving the drugs you assess the patient for any possible adverse reactions or side effects -assess patient after giving the drugs in order to determine whether the patients condition is improving

planning

-as part of the medical plan. you analyze goal and write nursing care plans (RN writes care plan, LPN's do vitals among assessment)

trade/brand name

-drug name following by the symbol, which indicates that the name is registered to a specific drug maker -the proprietary name of a drug

characteristics associated with the Older adults

-drug side effects more severe -dehydrated more easily -hypotension

at the end of the shift, the controlled substance drug inventory does not account for all the dosages received for the shift, list at least three steps to try and account for the differences

-during drug preparations -bringing drug to patient -giving drug to patient

characteristics associated with adolescents

-growth spurts increase metabolism

diagnosis

-healthcare team labels patients condition -the identification of the patients condition helps you identify how to teach the patient self-care

characteristics associated with newborns/infants

-highest metabolism of all age groups -oral drugs poorly absorbed -higher percentage of total body water -poor intramuscular absorption

if you believe there has been an error in the administration of any drug, list at least three steps you should take to ensure the patients safety

-immediately check patient -notify healthcare provider promptly -follow any orders the provider gives to reduce the effect of drug error

why do you need to learn specific information about the drug you are giving?

-know the major action of the drug -learn the main drug interactions -learn the usual dosage, route, and frequency

why would you plan for special storage or procedures, techniques, or equipment needed?

-learn whether the drug should be refrigerated -learn whether the drug should be kept room temperature

generic name

-most common name used for drug -name used for a drug that is the same throughout the world

why would you develop a teaching plan for the patient?

-what does the patient know to take the drug correctly? -what does the patient. red to know about the potential side effects?

assessment

-you gather complete information about the patients history of illnesses and surgeries, including any drugs the patient is currently taking -you gather initial information that can be used as a baseline for comparison as care progresses

how do you identify the right patient?

2 identifiers; full name, medical records, ID#, birthdate, or phone number

? that include the name of the drug and the type of reaction the patient experienced (in other words, was it mild of severe effect?)

allergies

what percentage of a work week does an LPN/VN usually spend giving drugs to patients and monitoring their reactions?

40% of the work week

adverse reactions responses

anaphylactic shock seizures bleeding kidney damage

the nursing process guides your work when giving drugs. what are the 5 steps in the process?

assessment,diagnosis,planning, implementation, and evaluation

in the case of an opiate overdose, Naloxone is given to a patient to reverse the effects of the opiate, which is bound to the opioid receptor sites. what drug action is that?

antagonist

a patient is given tylenol #3 whenever she complains of intermittent pain. what kind of drug order is this?

as needed drug order/PRN

mr. y reports having only one kidney due to a bad infection during childhood. why is this important to know when monitoring his reaction to a new drug?

Mr. Y decreased kidney function may indicate that the drug is not being excreted effectively and he may experience an overdose of the drug

after moving halfway across the country to another state, you are ready to start work again but have a few questions about what the state allows you as an LPN/LVP to do regarding the administration of drugs. You want to find out the Nurse Practice Act for your new home. Where would you find this information?

National Council of State Boards of Nursing website

mrs. x takes a Valium every nigbt before sleeping. however she has a difficult time asking in the morning. when you report this to her healtcare provider, why does she replace the Valium with ativan?

Valium stays longer in the body because it builds up in fat cells

first pass

a lot of the drug is inactivated on the first pass through the liver before it can be distributed to other parts of the body

single drug order

a one time order to be given at specified time

the ? process identifies how the drug enters the body and reaches the area it needs to affect.

absorption

four basic processes are involved in drug utilization in the body

absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion

a drug effect that is more severe than expected and has potential to damage tissue or cause serious health problems. may be called adverse effect, toxic effect, or toxicity, and usually requires an intervention by a prescriber

adverse effect

a patient is in severe pain and is given morphine, which then activated the opioid receptors and produces pain relief. what drug action is that?

agonist

a health related reason for not giving a specific drug to a patient or a group of patients

contraindictation

by utilizing these drugs for himself, this nurse has violated specific laws and may face fines or imprisonment. what was he using?

controlled substance

scheduled drugs must be ? at the end of every shift by the nurse whom the agency has given the responsibility for controlled substances

counted

your patient refuses to take his drug so you decide to crush his pills and mix them in his oatmeal. however you must inform him or his family of your method of getting him to take his pills. what is this called?

covert drug administration

a collection of information typically stored in a computer or electronic medical record

database

you have been instructed to give an intramuscular injection to a 5 year old child. to ensure rapid absorption what muscle is the best place to give the injection?

deltoid

? that may prohibit or limit use of some drugs (such as sickle cell disease, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase defiance, history of drug addiction, or immune deficiencies?)

diseases

upon entering the body, the drug must reach the area needing treatment. the method of movement can occur by way of the blood or lymph system and is known as ? of the drug

distribution

how do you make sure you provide the right documentation?

document right after given; time, sight, route, initial

partial agonists

drug attach to the receptor site but produce only a partial effect

antagonist

drug attaches at a drug receptor site but does NOT activate or unlock it, there is no increase in cell activity.

you suspect that one of your colleagues is actually not providing his patient all the drugs ordered for her pain. instead the nurse is using a portion of the drugs for his own personal use. what is this called?

drug diversion

how do you know the right route to give a drug?

drug order must state how drug is given

how do you ensure you are giving the drug at the right time?

drug order should say when and how the drug is given

what factor can impact the safety and effectiveness of a drug, what is most commonly attributed to life threatening adverse reactions?

drug-alcohol interactions

drug errors are most commonly occur at which of the following points in drug administration?

during drug preparation when bringing the drug to the patient when giving the drug to patient

your patient is experiencing pain, and it is not yet time for her next dose of pain reliever, what can you do to help her decrease the pain without the use of drugs?

encourage her to do deep breathing to release the body's own endorphins

your patients has just been prescribed a new drug that you are instructed to give. this patient has had a number of bad reactions to drugs so as part of your due diligence, what will you do to reduce the risk of an adverse reaction to the new drug?

ensure that the drug will not react poorly with any other drugs she is already taking.

process determining the right response by looking at what happened to the patient when nursing care plan is put into action

evaluation

what must you do after the drug administration to ensure that the patient has right response?

evaluation

excretion is the process of removing the inactive chemicals, by products, and waste from the body. what chemicals are excreted?

fecal matter saliva urine sweating crying

as a nurse, you must learn about and follow three levels of rules in giving drugs. what entity is the first level that takes precedence over the remaining entities?

federal rules

absorption of a drug is enabled through the processes of diffusion, ? , and osmosis

filtration

when entering the room of a patient under your care at an assisted living facility, you discover he is swallowing several doses of tylenol. what should be your response?

remove the tylenol and explain to the patient that he cannot take any drugs including over the counter drugs, without his healthcare providers written permission

a patient appears to be overdosed but insists she only took the amount of long acting drug as prescribed and following all other instructions. upon further questioning you discover which of the following as the likely reason for her reaction?

she experienced difficult swallowing and therefore crushed the tablet and ate it with her morning bowl of oatmeal

what behavior would lead you to suspect a coworker may be diverting controlled substances for her own personal use?

she frequently reports dropping or spilling controlled substances

a patient is given nitroglycerin just before going under a cardiac CT scan. what type of drug order is this?

single drug order

side effects responses

sleepiness nausea diarrhea constipation

before a drug can enter the body's tissue, it must be discolor in body fluid. how effectively a drug can dissolve is called ?

solubility

a patient requires a daily dose of losartan for her blood pressure. what drug order is this?

standing drug order

as an LPN/VN you can dispense controlled substances only if permitted by you ? board of nursing?

state

idiosyncratic response

strange, unique, peculiar, or unpredictable responses to drugs

reports of what the patient says he/she is feeling or thinking

subjective data

what following task will you do as part of your continuing assessment of the patient to evaluate the effectiveness of the drug you are giving?

take the patients blood pressure

almost everyone makes an error at some point in their career. what situation could make a nurse more reluctant to report the error?

the agency is unusually harsh and judgemental about drug errors among nurses

what does the black box warning on the inset of the drug packaging indicate?

the drug has a higher than normal risk for causing serious and even life threatening problems

a patient in your car is being treated for high blood pressure. you note, however that the drug is not as effective as expected, so you discuss it with your patient. discovery of which of the following would indicate a need for increased dosage?

the patient did not report having liver disease, therefor the drug is not effectively delivered throughout the body

paradoxical response

the patients reaction may be just the opposite of what would be the expected

when documenting the administration of the drug. what must you record in the patients chart?

the time the drug was given

after giving the drug you notice the patients condition has improve. what is the effect called?

therapeutic effect

the intended action of the drug, known as beneficial outcomes

therapeutic effect

what is one factor that has increased the demand for LPNs/VNs?

there are an increased number of people living with chronic illnesses

half life

time it takes the body to remove 50% of the drug from the body, helps explain the dose, the frequency, and the duration

why is it important to ask what kind of over the counter drugs a patient is taking?

to identify potential drug interactions with any drugs the healthcare provider may prescribe

hypersensity (allergy)

unexpected reaction is an increased reaction to a drug

agonist

wen drugs activate or unlock receptors and have the same actions as the body's own chemicals

although is it not your role to develop a medical or nursing diagnosis of the patient, what will you be responsible for?

yoi will decide how carefull the patient need monitoring

implementation

you give the drugs to the patient, following the plan

one of your patients has just been given a new prescription. however she explains to you that she is currently nursing her newborn. what is one way to help her reduce adversely impacting her baby with the drug?

you recommend she take the drug immediately after nursing so that it has a chance to be excreated before nursing time again

Mr. B a 78 year old patient. is given a capsule to swallow, and you encourage him to drink a full cup of water with the pill. why is this important?

you suspect he is dehydrated and the water will help the drug dissolve and begin working in the body more quickly

why does an electronic health record that has the capabikitg of scanning a patients wristband provide more accuracy when identifying a patient?

you will avoid having to decipher illegible hand writing

what is one reason that it is important for you to know as much as possible about a drug before giving it to your patient?

you will need to know the most common side effects and observe for adverse reactions in each of your patients, particularly when giving a drug for the first time

what is it important to do a patients history when he/she enters the healthcare setting?

you will provide the healthcare provider with information they need to identify physical signs of illness


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