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Which of the following is not a part of Darwin's theory of evolution? A) Changes in organisms occur immediately. B) Organisms change over time. C) Species evolution occurs through natural selection. D) Organisms developed from common ancestors.

A) Changes in organisms occur immediately.

The anemone population in an aquatic ecosystem suddenly decreased due to human activity. What do you think would happen to the clownfish population in that ecosystem? A) It will also decrease. B) It will increase. C) It will remain the same. D) It is hard to predict what will happen.

A) It will also decrease.

The population of bison in a prairie ecosystem has significantly declined. What will most likely happen to the grass population the bison feeds on? A) The grass population will increase. B) The grass population will decrease. C) The grass population will be wiped out. D) The grass population will remain unchanged.

A) The grass population will increase.

Suppose a certain species of insect lives in the lush green canopy of the rain forest. Some of the insects are bright green in color, and some are bright yellow. Assume there is a natural predator of the insect in the area. What do you expect to happen to the populations of the green and the yellow insects over time? A) The green insect population will increase and the yellow insect population will decrease. B) The green insect population will decrease and the yellow insect population will increase. C) Both insect populations will remain constant over time. D) Both insect populations will increase over time.

A) The green insect population will increase and the yellow insect population will decrease.

Which of the following statements best describes what will most likely occur to the moth populations in the image below? A) The light moths will be captured by predators more easily than the dark moths, and the population of dark moths will rise. B) The light moths will be captured by predators more easily than the dark moths, and the population of light moths will rise. C) The dark moths will be captured by predators more easily than the light moths, and the dark moths will probably go extinct. D) The light moths will change their wing color to match that of the dark moths.

A) The light moths will be captured by predators more easily than the dark moths, and the population of dark moths will rise.

Explain why the marine ecosystem generates a significant fraction of the oxygen in the atmosphere. A) The marine ecosystem generates 32% of the world's primary producers. B) The organisms in the marine ecosystem converts carbon dioxide to oxygen faster than organisms in other ecosystems. C) Sunlight can easily penetrate the marine ecosystem. D) Evaporation is higher in the marine ecosystem than any other ecosystem.

A) The marine ecosystem generates 32% of the world's primary producers.

Trapping has severely reduced the population of rabbits in an ecosystem, as shown in the bar graph below. What is the most likely effect this will have on other organisms? A) The snake population will decrease rapidly and the grass population will increase rapidly. B) The hawk population will increase rapidly and the rabbit population will decrease rapidly. C) The grass population will decrease rapidly, and the snake population will increase rapidly. D) The grass, rabbit, snake, and hawk populations will all decrease rapidly.

A) The snake population will decrease rapidly and the grass population will increase rapidly.

Which class of organisms gather their energy directly from the sun? A) autotrophs B) carnivores C) herbivores D) detritivores

A) autotrophs

According to the simulation, __________ helps predators to survive by allowing them to sneak up on their prey. A) camouflage B) mimicry C) speed D) night vision

A) camouflage

Which organism contributes to soil formation in primary succession? A) lichens B) grass C) small plants D) trees

A) lichens

The main producers in aquatic environments are __________. A) phytoplankton B) zooplankton C) kelp D) fish

A) phytoplankton

What types of organisms in an ecosystem will likely be affected by a flood? A) producers, consumers, and decomposers B) producers and consumers C) consumers and decomposers D) no organisms will be affected

A) producers, consumers, and decomposers

What are Earth's ten biomes? A) tundra, taiga, grasslands, deciduous forest, chaparral, desert, desert-scrub, savanna, rainforest, and alpine B) alpine, arctic, savanna, chaparral, desert, dry scrub, deciduous forest, taiga, tundra, and grasslands C) grasslands, desert, desert-scrub, savanna, chaparral, tundra, arctic, alpine, evergreen forest, and deciduous forest D) sahara, alpine, tundra, taiga, desert, desert-scrub, rainforest, deciduous forest, chaparral, and grasslands

A) tundra, taiga, grasslands, deciduous forest, chaparral, desert, desert-scrub, savanna, rainforest, and alpine

Which of the following are most responsible for the success of the cane toad as an invasive species in Australia? A) venom glands and varied diet B) varied diet and prolific reproduction C) prolific reproduction and strong hind legs D) strong hind legs and venom glands E) ability to camouflage

A) venom glands and varied diet

What distinguishes the savanna and grassland biomes? A) woody plants B) large predators C) seasonal precipitation D) herd of herbivores

A) woody plants

Which type of energy pyramid can be inverted? A) pyramid of numbers B) pyramid of biomass C) pyramid of energy D) pyramids of numbers, biomass, and energy Please select the best answer from the choices provided A) pyramid of numbersB)pyramid of biomassC)pyramid of energyD)pyramids of numbers, biomass, and energy

A) pyramid of numbers

Spittlebugs release foam to hide themselves in branches. What kind of adaptation is this? A) Biochemical B) Ecological C) Structural D) Physiological

B) Ecological

Sponges produce structures called gemmules, which are hard outer coatings protecting a reproductive bud during times of drought. What type of adaptation is this? A) Biochemical B) Ecological C) Structural D) Physiological

B) Ecological

What can you infer about the growth of the seed represented in the graphs below? A) It grows better at lower temperatures than at higher temperatures. B) It grows better at higher temperatures than at lower temperatures. C) It grows equally well at low and high temperatures. D) Growth depends on number of days. E) Temperature has no effect on seed growth.

B) It grows better at higher temperatures than at lower temperatures.

A portion of grass in a prairie ecosystem was destroyed by wildfire. What will most likely happen to the population of bison that feed on the grass? A) The number of bison will increase. B) The number of bison will decrease. C) The bison in the ecosystem will be completely wiped out. D) The number of bison will remain unchanged.

B) The number of bison will decrease.

The North American spotted owl preys on small mammals. Suppose an organism was introduced into the ecosystem that also preys on small mammals. How would this change in the ecosystem affect the population of the small mammals and the owl? A) The population of the small mammals and the owl would both increase. B) The population of the small mammals and the owl would both decrease.C)The population of the small mammals would increase, and the population of the owl would decrease.D)The population of the small mammals would decrease, and the population of the owl would increase.

B) The population of the small mammals and the owl would both decrease

Which of the following is not true about taiga? A) covers former glacial areas B) characterized by mild winters C) is a Russian name D) is a type of coniferous forest

B) characterized by mild winters

The initial period of population growth for a species in an environment is __________. A) logarithmic B) exponential C) slow D) negative

B) exponential

Which of the following is a physiological adaptation? A) group hunting B) hyoid bone adapted for roaring C) camouflage D) keen eyesight

B) hyoid bone adapted for roaring

The proper order, from smallest to largest, for the level of organization is __________. A) population,species,organism,biome,community,ecosystem,biosphere B) organism,species,population,community,ecosystem,biome,biosphere C) biosphere,biome,ecosystem,community,population,species,organism D) community,population,ecosystem,biome,organism,biosphere,species

B) organism,species,population,community,ecosystem,biome,biosphere

Herbivores typically have monocular vision to allow them a wider range of vision, which helps them elude predators. What type of adaptation is this? A) behavior B) physiological C) biochemical D) ecological

B) physiological

What determines the carrying capacity of an ecosystem? A) the number of different types of organisms in an ecosystem B) the amount of available resources C) the square mileage it encompasses D) the ratio of biotic to abiotic factors

B) the amount of available resources

Which of the following is an autotroph? A) mushroom B) tree C) deer D) wolf

B) tree

Identify the biotic factor of an ecosystem from the following: A) soil composition B) trees C) temperature D) sunlight

B) trees

The ecosystem is the lowest level of the biosphere hierarchy to include __________. A) the animal species present B) weather patterns and soil conditions C) interactions between different species D) the plant species present

B) weather patterns and soil conditions

Using the graphs below, determine which water drop rate leads to the highest seed growth. A) 90 drops/hr B) 72 drops/hr C) 50 drops/hr D) 12 drops/hr

C) 50 drops/hr

In the stable food chain shown below, what would you expect to happen initially if you were to suddenly double the population of rabbits? A) The populations of the other three species would also increase. B) The populations of the other three species would decrease. C) The grass population would decrease. The snake population and hawk population would increase. D) The grass population and hawk population would decrease. The snake population would increase.

C) The grass population would decrease. The snake population and hawk population would increase.

The pair of total population graphs below display the results of two different five-year hunting cycles, one on light trees and one on dark trees. How do these results demonstrate natural selection? A) The moth populations shown here demonstrate random fluctuations over time that are not explained by tree color. B) The moths that are a different color than the trees in their environment thrive over time due to camouflage, and their populations increase. C) The moths that are the same color as the trees in their environment thrive over time due to camouflage, and their populations increase. D) The graphs actually show a result that is opposite of what is expected from natural selection.

C) The moths that are the same color as the trees in their environment thrive over time due to camouflage, and their populations increase.

What are the main components needed to insure ecosystem stability? A) estuary, savanna, and tundra B) primary and secondary succession C) food, water, shelter and biodiversity D) moderate climate, sufficient space, and adequate sunlight

C) food, water, shelter and biodiversity

The brown tree snake is used as an example of a(n) __________. A) poisonous species B) endangered species C) invasive species D) domesticated species

C) invasive species

A healthy, balanced ecosystem has __________. A) fewer producers than consumers B) more quaternary consumers than primary consumers C) more producers than consumers D) fewer primary consumers than tertiary consumers

C) more producers than consumers

Which of the following is most likely to be a limited resource on the floor of a tropical rainforest? A) water B) shelter C) sunlight D) prey

C) sunlight

In what instance would population stabilize? A) when a natural disaster occurs B) when a prey species increases its population C) when carrying capacity is reached D) when a predator species is eliminated

C) when carrying capacity is reached

What most likely caused the rabbit population to decrease over the first time unit shown in the following graph? A) A disease in the population of rabbits B) A decreasing population of grasses C) An increasing population of hawks D) A higher-than-ideal population of snakes

D) A higher-than-ideal population of snakes

Which of the following is not true about Darwin's book On the Origin of Species? A) He worked on the manuscript for three years. B) It was successful. C) It explained his theory of evolution. D) It was based on his findings in South Africa.

D) It was based on his findings in South Africa.

What can you infer about the growth of the seed type pictured in the graphs below? A) More seeds grow with more light. B) More seeds grow with less light. C) The seeds grow faster with more light. D) Light has no effect on seed growth.

D) Light has no effect on seed growth.

What is the most likely explanation of the data shown below? A) There has been a drought in the area that is affecting all life forms. B) The population of natural predators of the moths has gotten smaller. C) The moths are living in an environment with light trees. D) The moths are living in an environment with dark trees.

D) The moths are living in an environment with dark trees.

If a disease strikes the snake population in the food chain shown, what will be the initial effect on the populations of hawks and rabbits? A) The populations of hawks and rabbits will decrease. B) The populations of hawks and rabbits will increase. C) The population of hawks will increase. The population of rabbits will decrease. D) The population of hawks will decrease. The population of rabbits will increase.

D) The population of hawks will decrease. The population of rabbits will increase.

Which of the following factors might be affected by a wildfire? A) food B) shelter C) biodiversity D) all of the above

D) all of the above

The two defining characteristics of a biome are __________. A) climate and soil composition B) dominant plant and animal life C) climate and dominant animal life D) climate and dominant plant life

D) climate and dominant plant life

Plants in the _________ are succulent because they need to hold and store a lot of moisture. A rainforest B) taiga C) savanna D) desert

D) desert

In a population of finches with mixed beak sizes, which finches would have a better chance of survival if there was a dramatic decrease in rain? A) finches with smaller beaks B) finches with thinner beaks C) finches with curved beaks D) finches with larger beaks

D) finches with larger beaks

Deserts are defined by __________. A) coniferous forests B) mild summers C) high temperature D) low rainfall

D) low rainfall

Which among these is considered as the recycler of the ecosystem? A) grass B) rabbits C) hawks D) mushroom

D) mushroom

Which of the following has the most biomass? A) quaternary consumers B) secondary consumers C) primary consumers D) producers

D) producers

Why is it necessary to eliminate absolutely all invasive fire ant colonies to eradicate the invasive population? A) Every colony has a major impact on native flora and fauna. B) Fire ant clonies can spread by sending out winged members. C)Even a single remaining colony can rebuild the invasive species' population.D)None of the above.E)All of the above.

E) All of the above

How was the cane toad introduced to Australia? The toad was accidentally introduced when a pet escaped. The toad was intentionally introduced to control the cane beetle population The toad was intentionally introduced to increase the food supply for endangered hawks. The toad was accidentally introduced because it was carried over in shipping crates.

b) The toad was intentionally introduced to control the cane beetle population

Which of the following is an adaptation that would not help prey avoid a predator? A) keen eyesight B) spines C) camouflage D) fur E) mimicry

not B) spines

What kind of information can paleontologists not get from studying fossils? A) a complete record of every organism that has existedB)physical characteristics of organisms that lived during a particular time periodC)type of environment organisms lived in at a particular time periodD)type of organisms that lived during a particular time period

not D) type of organisms that lived during a particular time period