A&P Ch 12,13
What part of the brain allows you to perform the conscious task of reading and comprehension?
Cerebrum
On a graph of action potential, the small depolarizations that lead to threshold are from
Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs)
What is true of the RAS?
It processes visual, auditory, and touch stimuli It keeps the cerebral cortex in an alert, awake state
What would increase the magnitude of a postsynaptic potential?
More neurotransmitter released from the presynaptic neuron More chemically gated channels open in the postsynaptic neuron.
What type of cells produce the myelin sheath in the CNS?
Oligondendrocytes
Motor areas of the cerebrum
Primary motor cortex Motor speech area Frontal eye field
What does the thalamus do?
Serves as an information filter
What are true of Oligodendrocytes?
They are glial cells found in the CNS They can form myelin around several axons simultaneously They help form a myelin sheath around CNS axons
In which way do cerebral nuclei interact with motor pathways?
They receive impulses from the entire cerebral cortex They receive input from the limbic system They receive input from the sensory areas
If extracellular calcium was absent, which would likely be true?
Vesicles containing neurotransmitter would not merge with the plasma membrane
These things occur when an action potential reaches the transmissive segment of an axon
Voltage-gated calcium channels open Vesicles containing neurotransmitter fuse with the plasma membrane Neurotransmitter is released into the synapse by exocytosis
action potential period when there is a complete insensitivity of the plasma membrane to another stimulus
absolute refractory period
the cerebral nucleus involved in emotion, behavior activity, and mood
amygdaloid body
Special senses use what type of neuron
bipolar neurons
The cerebral nucleus that stimulates muscles to produce the pattern and rhythm of walking
caudate nucleus
Ependymal cells help produce
cerebrospinal fluid
The cell membrane provides resistance, which can be altered by
chemically gated ion channels opening voltage-gated ion channels opening new ion channels being inserted into the cell membrane
The cerebral nucleus involved in consciousness and integration of information from multiple senses
claustrum
brain structures that are composed of white matter
corpus callosum septum pellicidum internal capsule
an ESPS will cause the postsynaptic membrane to
depolarize
Select all that are cranial dural septa
falx cerebri falx cerebelli diaphragma sellae
cerebral lobe - voluntary motor functions, verbal communications, personality
frontal lobe
the cerebral nucleus that excited and inhibits the thalamus to adjust muscle tone
globus pallidus
This structure is essential in storing memories and forming long-term memory
hippocampus
Thalamus or hypothalamus? regulates body temperature
hypothalamus
Thalamus or hypothalamus? regulates hunger and thirst
hypothalamus
Thalamus or hypothalamus? regulates the autonomic nervous system
hypothalamus
thalamus or hypothalamus? regulates circadian rhythms
hypothalamus
Damage to the olivary complex will likely hinder the ability to
locate the origin of a sound
Which glial cell acts as a phagocyte?
microglial cells
cerebral lobe - visual input and helps store visual memories
occipital lobe
cerebral lobe - general functions, taste, smell
parietal lobe
The primary motor cortex for control of voluntary muscles is found in the
precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe
Where will the memory of a motor skill likely be stored?
premotor cortex
the cerebral nucleus that controls muscular movement at the subconscious level
putamen
Action potential period when there is a decrease in the sensitivity of the plasma membrane to further stimulation
refractory period
action potential period when a stronger-than-threshold stimulus is needed to initiate another action potential
relative refractory period
What part of the midbrain is responsible for movement, emotional response, and the ability to experience pleasure and pain?
substantia nigra
cerebral lobe involved in hearing and smell
temporal lobe
Thalamus or hypothalamus? Arousal from sleep
thalamus
Thalamus or hypothalamus? relay center for sensory input
thalamus
If all the sodium leakage channels were removed from the cell membrane of a neuron what would the voltage be?
the membrane potential would be ~90 millivolts
located within the diencephalon is the _____ ventricle
third
Most neurons in the PNS are
unipolar neurons