A&P Ch 12,13

What part of the brain allows you to perform the conscious task of reading and comprehension?

Cerebrum

On a graph of action potential, the small depolarizations that lead to threshold are from

Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs)

What is true of the RAS?

It processes visual, auditory, and touch stimuli It keeps the cerebral cortex in an alert, awake state

What would increase the magnitude of a postsynaptic potential?

More neurotransmitter released from the presynaptic neuron More chemically gated channels open in the postsynaptic neuron.

What type of cells produce the myelin sheath in the CNS?

Oligondendrocytes

Motor areas of the cerebrum

Primary motor cortex Motor speech area Frontal eye field

What does the thalamus do?

Serves as an information filter

What are true of Oligodendrocytes?

They are glial cells found in the CNS They can form myelin around several axons simultaneously They help form a myelin sheath around CNS axons

In which way do cerebral nuclei interact with motor pathways?

They receive impulses from the entire cerebral cortex They receive input from the limbic system They receive input from the sensory areas

If extracellular calcium was absent, which would likely be true?

Vesicles containing neurotransmitter would not merge with the plasma membrane

These things occur when an action potential reaches the transmissive segment of an axon

Voltage-gated calcium channels open Vesicles containing neurotransmitter fuse with the plasma membrane Neurotransmitter is released into the synapse by exocytosis

action potential period when there is a complete insensitivity of the plasma membrane to another stimulus

absolute refractory period

the cerebral nucleus involved in emotion, behavior activity, and mood

amygdaloid body

Special senses use what type of neuron

bipolar neurons

The cerebral nucleus that stimulates muscles to produce the pattern and rhythm of walking

caudate nucleus

Ependymal cells help produce

cerebrospinal fluid

The cell membrane provides resistance, which can be altered by

chemically gated ion channels opening voltage-gated ion channels opening new ion channels being inserted into the cell membrane

The cerebral nucleus involved in consciousness and integration of information from multiple senses

claustrum

brain structures that are composed of white matter

corpus callosum septum pellicidum internal capsule

an ESPS will cause the postsynaptic membrane to

depolarize

Select all that are cranial dural septa

falx cerebri falx cerebelli diaphragma sellae

cerebral lobe - voluntary motor functions, verbal communications, personality

frontal lobe

the cerebral nucleus that excited and inhibits the thalamus to adjust muscle tone

globus pallidus

This structure is essential in storing memories and forming long-term memory

hippocampus

Thalamus or hypothalamus? regulates body temperature

hypothalamus

Thalamus or hypothalamus? regulates hunger and thirst

hypothalamus

Thalamus or hypothalamus? regulates the autonomic nervous system

hypothalamus

thalamus or hypothalamus? regulates circadian rhythms

hypothalamus

Damage to the olivary complex will likely hinder the ability to

locate the origin of a sound

Which glial cell acts as a phagocyte?

microglial cells

cerebral lobe - visual input and helps store visual memories

occipital lobe

cerebral lobe - general functions, taste, smell

parietal lobe

The primary motor cortex for control of voluntary muscles is found in the

precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe

Where will the memory of a motor skill likely be stored?

premotor cortex

the cerebral nucleus that controls muscular movement at the subconscious level

putamen

Action potential period when there is a decrease in the sensitivity of the plasma membrane to further stimulation

refractory period

action potential period when a stronger-than-threshold stimulus is needed to initiate another action potential

relative refractory period

What part of the midbrain is responsible for movement, emotional response, and the ability to experience pleasure and pain?

substantia nigra

cerebral lobe involved in hearing and smell

temporal lobe

Thalamus or hypothalamus? Arousal from sleep

thalamus

Thalamus or hypothalamus? relay center for sensory input

thalamus

If all the sodium leakage channels were removed from the cell membrane of a neuron what would the voltage be?

the membrane potential would be ~90 millivolts

located within the diencephalon is the _____ ventricle

third

Most neurons in the PNS are

unipolar neurons