11.6 thyroid gland

Cretinism

A physical and mental dwarfing resulting from hypofunction of the thyroid gland in children low body temperature sluggishness 无精打采

Osteoclasts

Bone-destroying cells

Calcitonin

Builds bone, decreases blood calcium

Hypothyroidism

Fatigue, weight gain, COLD intolerance, constipation, irritable, Libido is decreased older adults

Iodine salts

Follicular cells require ___ to produce thyroxine and triiodothyronine food provide iodides blood transport them to thyroid glands. move the iodide into the follicular cells,where thy are synthesize the hormones.

tetraiodothyronine

Hormone secreted by the thyroid gland that increases body metabolism; thyroxine (T4).

Calcitonin

Inhibits osteoclasts

Cretinism

Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism

Calcitonin

Regulates the blood concentration of calcium and phosphate ions

Thyroxine

Tetraiodothyronine

goiter(s)

an abnormal, nonmalignant enlargement of the thyroid gland

thyroid glands

connective tissue covers them

blood concentration of calcium ions

controls calcitonin release increase blood calcium so does calcitonin secretion.

thyroid hormone

essential to nervous system maturation.

Thyroid Gland Follicle

have cavities filled with a clear viscous substance called colloid and are lined with a single layer of cuboidal epithelial cells

thyroid hormones

help regulate metabolism rate of carbohydrates ,lipids, proteins, cells release energy from carbohydrates rate of protein synthesis stimulate breakdown and mobilization of lipids.

Thyroid disorders

hypothyroidism or Hyperthyroidism of the glandular cells

thyroid gland location

in throat below Adam's apple

Calcitonin

increase kidney's excretion of calcium and phosphate ions action that lower the blood calcium and phosphate ions concentration

Iodine

is necessary for thyroid to work

Thyroid gland structure

location-anterior on neck on trachea just inferior to larynx Adam's apple

thyroid glands

made up of many secretory parts called follicles

calicitonin

not referred to "thyroid hormone " produce by extracellular cells , separate from the gland's follicles , along with the parathyroid glands

follicular cells

produce and secrete hormone that are then either stored in the colloid or released into the blood in nearby capillaries

hyperthyroidism

restless and overeating eyes may protrude (swelling tissue behind them)

hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland control the synthesis and release of

t4 and t3 once in the blood, t4 and t3 combine with protein (plasma protein) and are transported to body cells

colloid

the fluid produced by the thyroid that contains thyroid hormones

t4

thyroxine

Thyroid gland hormones

thyroxine(T4), triiodothyronine(T3), 5 times more potent calcitonin

t3

triiodothyronine

thyroid gland

two hormones help control how many calories the body consumes one plays a role in bone growth and maintenance of blood calcium levels.

thyroid gland

two-lobed structure in the neck