11.6 thyroid gland
Cretinism
A physical and mental dwarfing resulting from hypofunction of the thyroid gland in children low body temperature sluggishness 无精打采
Osteoclasts
Bone-destroying cells
Calcitonin
Builds bone, decreases blood calcium
Hypothyroidism
Fatigue, weight gain, COLD intolerance, constipation, irritable, Libido is decreased older adults
Iodine salts
Follicular cells require ___ to produce thyroxine and triiodothyronine food provide iodides blood transport them to thyroid glands. move the iodide into the follicular cells,where thy are synthesize the hormones.
tetraiodothyronine
Hormone secreted by the thyroid gland that increases body metabolism; thyroxine (T4).
Calcitonin
Inhibits osteoclasts
Cretinism
Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism
Calcitonin
Regulates the blood concentration of calcium and phosphate ions
Thyroxine
Tetraiodothyronine
goiter(s)
an abnormal, nonmalignant enlargement of the thyroid gland
thyroid glands
connective tissue covers them
blood concentration of calcium ions
controls calcitonin release increase blood calcium so does calcitonin secretion.
thyroid hormone
essential to nervous system maturation.
Thyroid Gland Follicle
have cavities filled with a clear viscous substance called colloid and are lined with a single layer of cuboidal epithelial cells
thyroid hormones
help regulate metabolism rate of carbohydrates ,lipids, proteins, cells release energy from carbohydrates rate of protein synthesis stimulate breakdown and mobilization of lipids.
Thyroid disorders
hypothyroidism or Hyperthyroidism of the glandular cells
thyroid gland location
in throat below Adam's apple
Calcitonin
increase kidney's excretion of calcium and phosphate ions action that lower the blood calcium and phosphate ions concentration
Iodine
is necessary for thyroid to work
Thyroid gland structure
location-anterior on neck on trachea just inferior to larynx Adam's apple
thyroid glands
made up of many secretory parts called follicles
calicitonin
not referred to "thyroid hormone " produce by extracellular cells , separate from the gland's follicles , along with the parathyroid glands
follicular cells
produce and secrete hormone that are then either stored in the colloid or released into the blood in nearby capillaries
hyperthyroidism
restless and overeating eyes may protrude (swelling tissue behind them)
hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland control the synthesis and release of
t4 and t3 once in the blood, t4 and t3 combine with protein (plasma protein) and are transported to body cells
colloid
the fluid produced by the thyroid that contains thyroid hormones
t4
thyroxine
Thyroid gland hormones
thyroxine(T4), triiodothyronine(T3), 5 times more potent calcitonin
t3
triiodothyronine
thyroid gland
two hormones help control how many calories the body consumes one plays a role in bone growth and maintenance of blood calcium levels.
thyroid gland
two-lobed structure in the neck
