12 Brain
primary motor cortex
initiation of voluntary movement
broadman numbers
map of brain
occipital lobe
organized for vision conscious seeing
diencephalon
thalamus hypothalamus epithalamus
temporal sensory area
auditory areas memory
pons
balance links cerebellum with midbrain, diencephalon, cerebrum, and spinal cord means bridge
arachnoid matter
between dura and pia
medulla oblongata
breathing part of brainstem connects brain to spinal cord contains centers that regulate: heart rate, respiration rate, blood pressure, swallowing, vomiting, sneezing, coughing most sensory and motor pathways cross over in medulla
auditory association area
complex processing of auditory information
visual association area
complex processing of visual information
hypothalamus
contains centers associated with rage, pleasure, thirst, hunger coordinates neural and endocrine activities produces hormones adjusts centers in pons and medulla maintains body temp
epithalamus
contains pineal body may affect sleep my secreting melatonin choroids plexuses (produce cerebrospinal fluid)
motor association cortex
coordination of complex movement
insula sensory area
deep not visible to surface
visual cortex
detection of simple visual stimuli
auditory cortex
detection of sound quality (loudness, tone)
parietal sensory area
gustatory (somatosensory- body sensation) cortex perception of touch, pressure , pain
cerebellum
helps maintain balance and equilibrium makes rapid adjustments in muscle tone fine tunes voluntary and involuntary movements
cerebrum
higher thought processes conscious thought intellectual functions
frontal lobe
intellectual processes voluntary motor control of skeletal muscles translation of thought patterns into speech personality
temporal lobe
interpretation of auditory sensations olfaction language emotional behavior
wernicke's area
language comprehension
cerebral white matter
myelinated fibers (axon) bundled into large tracts, responsible for communication between cerebral cortex and lower cns area
midbrain
part of brainstem contains inferior and superior colliculi sensory nuclei, cerebral peduncles (bundles of nerve fibers), and reticular formation (regulates involuntary functions) regulates visual reflexes
hindbrain
pons medulla oblongata
prefrontal cortex
problem solving, emotion, complex thought
sensory association area
processing of multi sensory information
primary somatosensory cortex
receives tactile information from the body
thalamus
relay station for sensory information acts as a filter helps coordinate voluntary and involuntary motor commands
pituitary gland
secretes hormones
central sulcus
separates motor and sensory areas of cerebral cortex
brocas area
speech production and articulation
dura matter
tough outer layer
parietal lobe
uses symbols in understanding verbal articulation of thoughts and emotions interpretation of textures and shapes of handled objects
occipital sensory area
visual areas
frontal eye field
voluntary eye movements
corpus callosum
white matter that lies beneath the cerebral cortex; connects cerebral hemisphere
