12 Brain

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primary motor cortex

initiation of voluntary movement

broadman numbers

map of brain

occipital lobe

organized for vision conscious seeing

diencephalon

thalamus hypothalamus epithalamus

temporal sensory area

auditory areas memory

pons

balance links cerebellum with midbrain, diencephalon, cerebrum, and spinal cord means bridge

arachnoid matter

between dura and pia

medulla oblongata

breathing part of brainstem connects brain to spinal cord contains centers that regulate: heart rate, respiration rate, blood pressure, swallowing, vomiting, sneezing, coughing most sensory and motor pathways cross over in medulla

auditory association area

complex processing of auditory information

visual association area

complex processing of visual information

hypothalamus

contains centers associated with rage, pleasure, thirst, hunger coordinates neural and endocrine activities produces hormones adjusts centers in pons and medulla maintains body temp

epithalamus

contains pineal body may affect sleep my secreting melatonin choroids plexuses (produce cerebrospinal fluid)

motor association cortex

coordination of complex movement

insula sensory area

deep not visible to surface

visual cortex

detection of simple visual stimuli

auditory cortex

detection of sound quality (loudness, tone)

parietal sensory area

gustatory (somatosensory- body sensation) cortex perception of touch, pressure , pain

cerebellum

helps maintain balance and equilibrium makes rapid adjustments in muscle tone fine tunes voluntary and involuntary movements

cerebrum

higher thought processes conscious thought intellectual functions

frontal lobe

intellectual processes voluntary motor control of skeletal muscles translation of thought patterns into speech personality

temporal lobe

interpretation of auditory sensations olfaction language emotional behavior

wernicke's area

language comprehension

cerebral white matter

myelinated fibers (axon) bundled into large tracts, responsible for communication between cerebral cortex and lower cns area

midbrain

part of brainstem contains inferior and superior colliculi sensory nuclei, cerebral peduncles (bundles of nerve fibers), and reticular formation (regulates involuntary functions) regulates visual reflexes

hindbrain

pons medulla oblongata

prefrontal cortex

problem solving, emotion, complex thought

sensory association area

processing of multi sensory information

primary somatosensory cortex

receives tactile information from the body

thalamus

relay station for sensory information acts as a filter helps coordinate voluntary and involuntary motor commands

pituitary gland

secretes hormones

central sulcus

separates motor and sensory areas of cerebral cortex

brocas area

speech production and articulation

dura matter

tough outer layer

parietal lobe

uses symbols in understanding verbal articulation of thoughts and emotions interpretation of textures and shapes of handled objects

occipital sensory area

visual areas

frontal eye field

voluntary eye movements

corpus callosum

white matter that lies beneath the cerebral cortex; connects cerebral hemisphere


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