12.2-12.3 Quiz
When did Kublai Khan rule?
Assumed title Great Khan in 1260 and died in 1294.
Where did Kublai Khan move the capital of his empire?
China; to show Kublai planned to become emperor of China.
What brought about the fall of the Yuan Dynasty?
Family members fought over who'd rule. 4 different Khans took throne in 8 yrs. Rebellions broke out b/c Mongols humiliated Chinese. Famine, flood, disease, economic problems, and official corruption.
What traits enabled Genghis Khan to conquer most of Asia?
He was a brilliant organizer (type A), a gifted strategist, and wan't afraid to use cruelty to carry out a mission.
How did the cultural differences among the khanates eventually affect the empire?
It eventually split it. Each khanate had a different culture, and this caused them to become more separate.
Why were the Mongols unable to conquer Japan?
Japan prevented attacks for many years, and finally a typhoon destroyed their ships.
How did the Mongol rulers treat their Chinese subjects?
Kept separate identity b/c they didn't have much in common. Lived separately and followed different laws. Chinese weren't gov't officials (only locally).
Into what four khanates did the successors of Genghis Khan divide the Mongol Empire?
Khanate of the Great Khan, Khanate of Chagatail, the Ilkhanate, and the Khanate of the Golden Horde.
Why did the Mongols give most high government posts to foreigners?
Mongols believed they were more trustworthy since they had no local loyalties.
How did this peace affect trade and cultural interaction?
Mongols guaranteed safe passage for trade. travelers, and missionaries. First major trading between Europe and Asia. Spread ideas, goods, and maybe even the plague.
What was the Mongol peace?
Pax Mongolica; stability and law, and peace.
How did Kublai Khan expand foreign trade?
Restored Grand Canal and built a paved highway. Also help to cause the Pax Mongolica.
Where did Kublai Khan build his palaces?
Shangdu on the border b/w Mongolia and China and in modern Beijing.
How did the Mongols rule?
Tolerantly; didn't force people to take on their customs, sometimes they would take on the culture of people who were already there.
When did the Mongols gain control of all of China?
1279; when they held off Kublai's attacks for many years, and then finally lost.
Why is the Yuan Dynasty important in Chinese history?
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Who was Kublai Khan?
Genghis' grandson; split Mongol empire into 4 khanates- tried to conquer China and did. Mainly focused on strengthening his own khanate but was a strong leader.
How was Genghis Khan able to unite the nomadic Mongols?
He defeated a bunch of land and included it all under his rule. United one army to conquer.
What was the primary cause of conflict between steppe nomads and settled communities?
The settled communities were afraid of steppe nomads' raids.
Who was Marco Polo?
a famous European to visit China. Kublai sent him on government missions. Marco was imprisoned when Mongols fought with his home town in Italy, but told about his travels there. His fellow prisoner put his stories into a book.