12.5 Prejudice & Discrimination

Scapegoating

act of blaming an out-group when the in-group experiences a problem or is blocked from obtaining a goal

Discrimination

negative action toward an individual as a result of one's relationship in a particular group; excluding, avoiding, biased treatment; sometimes do it because we are told to

Prejudice

negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one's membership in a particular social group; common against unfamiliar cultural group; education, contact, interaction, and building relationship w/ people of different cultures can reduce it

Stereotype

negative belief about individuals based solely on their membership in a group regardless of their individual characteristics; generalized beliefs and thoughts; not necessarily negative, can be both neg and positive i.e. southern hospitality; problematic because it is inaccurate, automatic (cognitive shortcut), over estimating, and confirming bias beliefs; discounts people who do not fit in the type

In-Group Bias

preference for our own group over other groups, result in prejudice and discrimination because the out-group is perceived as different and is less preferred

Racism

prejudice and discriminating against an individual based solely on one's membership in a specific racial group

Homophobia

prejudice and discrimination of individuals based solely on their sexual orientation

Sexism

prejudice and discrimination toward individuals based on their sex; includes gender role expectation; exist in hiring, opportunities, education, and pay

Ageism

prejudice and discrimination toward individuals based solely on their age

Conformation Bias

seeking out info that supports our stereotypes and infer info that is inconsistent with our stereotypes

Implicit

unconscious and uncontrollable; shows extreme racial bias

Explicit

conscious and controllable

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

expectation held by a person that alters his or her behavior in a way that tends to make it true; treating others according to expectation; reinforces stereotypes is confirmation bias

In-Group

group that we identify with or see ourselves as belonging to; strong sense of belong and emotional connection

Out-Group

group that we view as fundamentally different from us

Dual Attitudes Model

humans have 2 forms of attitudes: explicit and implicit