12.5 Prejudice & Discrimination
Scapegoating
act of blaming an out-group when the in-group experiences a problem or is blocked from obtaining a goal
Discrimination
negative action toward an individual as a result of one's relationship in a particular group; excluding, avoiding, biased treatment; sometimes do it because we are told to
Prejudice
negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one's membership in a particular social group; common against unfamiliar cultural group; education, contact, interaction, and building relationship w/ people of different cultures can reduce it
Stereotype
negative belief about individuals based solely on their membership in a group regardless of their individual characteristics; generalized beliefs and thoughts; not necessarily negative, can be both neg and positive i.e. southern hospitality; problematic because it is inaccurate, automatic (cognitive shortcut), over estimating, and confirming bias beliefs; discounts people who do not fit in the type
In-Group Bias
preference for our own group over other groups, result in prejudice and discrimination because the out-group is perceived as different and is less preferred
Racism
prejudice and discriminating against an individual based solely on one's membership in a specific racial group
Homophobia
prejudice and discrimination of individuals based solely on their sexual orientation
Sexism
prejudice and discrimination toward individuals based on their sex; includes gender role expectation; exist in hiring, opportunities, education, and pay
Ageism
prejudice and discrimination toward individuals based solely on their age
Conformation Bias
seeking out info that supports our stereotypes and infer info that is inconsistent with our stereotypes
Implicit
unconscious and uncontrollable; shows extreme racial bias
Explicit
conscious and controllable
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
expectation held by a person that alters his or her behavior in a way that tends to make it true; treating others according to expectation; reinforces stereotypes is confirmation bias
In-Group
group that we identify with or see ourselves as belonging to; strong sense of belong and emotional connection
Out-Group
group that we view as fundamentally different from us
Dual Attitudes Model
humans have 2 forms of attitudes: explicit and implicit