1.5 Compare and contrast the characteristics of network topologies, types and technologies.

A centralized WAN is described as what?

A central computer that REMOTE computers connect to ( Think of remotes offices connecting to main corporate office)

You need a network that provides centralized authentication for your users. Which of the following logical topologies should you use?

A client server

CAN (Campus Area Network)

A computer network that connects two or more LANs that are located on a campus.

Network is Defined as

A group of connected people or things that share resources

What is a logical grouping of network users and resources called?

A host which is typically grouped together by a hub or switch

Binary Code

A language that computers use to talk to each other using 1's and 0's

A distributed WAN is described as what?

Lots of interconnected computers located in many different places

Which type of WAN technology uses labels, which enables priority of voice though the network?

MPLS

Print Server

Manages printers on the network

Web Server

Manages web-based activities by running Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) for storing web content and accessing web pages

which of the following physical toplogies has the most connections and the least popular of LAN's

Mesh

What are the two variations of the Mesh Topology?

Mesh hybrid toplogy is usually used in WAN'S. Due to the all the connections the fault tolerance is IMMENSE but it is also VERY pricey. Partial Mesh is a cheaper solution with just about the same Fault tolerance not evey single device is connected to each other but most of them still are this requires thought on what devices SHOULD be.

What does MLPS stand for

Multi-protocol label switching

MPLS Stands far what?

Multiprotocol Label Switching

What common WAN topology often results in multiple connections to a single site (leading to a high degree of fault tolerance) and has one-to-many connections?

Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)

Will a computer that shares no resources most likely be connected to the backbone or to a segment?

A segment

Proxy Server

A server that acts as an intermediary between a user and the Internet.

A work group is defined as

A set of devices with no association with each other

Host is ____?

Any network device with an IP address

Servers Typically include

High speed CPU High speed Memmory High Hard drive space

Networks can be split in two parts what are they and define them

Backbone - is what all the networksegments and servers connect to and what gives the network structor( Think of it as a main cable) most of these are optimized for speed and efficiency Network Segments - small sections of the network that are attached to the backbone ( main cable)

Workstations

Beefy computers that provide resources to more then one user or host. Usually have more then one CPU

Common Topologies are

Bus Star Ring Mesh Point-to-point Point - to - multipoint Hybrid

What are the 3 basic LAN topologies?

Bus, Ring, and State

What network model draws a clear distinction between devices that share their resources and devices that do not?

Client - Server

Selecting the right Topology involves concidering

Cost Ease of installation Ease of maintenance Fault-tolerance requirement Security requirement

Typically businesses arrange LAN work groups by what?

Departments such as Account, sales, marketing

Common Dedicated Servers are

File Server Mail Server Print Server Web Server Fax Server Application Server Telephony Server Proxy Server

How do you determine the amount of connections for the Mesh Topology?

Formula to calculate Connections: n(n-1)/2 This means that in a network consisting of only four computers, you have 4( 4- 1)/ 2, or 6 connections. Full Mesh topologies are less likely to have collisions which is when two hosts try to talk at the same time and the data gets lost.

Telephony Server

Handles the call center and call routing and can be thought of as a sophisticated network answering machine

What device is generally implemented as a Star topology

Hub or Switch

Intranetwork (WAN's, internet) use what to communicate with other devices on the network

IP address (logical address)

Routers Connect what together

Networks

Peer - to - Peer Networks

Networks that do not have a central host or special authority all computers are EQUALS. Security checks will come from the computer that has resources that is being request from it ( computer A needs Senstive information from computer B so computer B will do a security check. All Resources can be shared among other computers as long as there are not a lot of users on the network and back ups are done locally ( on the computer ) instead on the network and if the network does not need alot of security)

In a physical star topology, what happens when a workstation loses its physical connection to another device?

Only that workstation loses the ability to communicate

Physical Network Toplogies

Physical Topology - This map shows the location of workstations and devices, and the arrangement of cables. Logical Topology - Shows EXACTLY how data is moving through the network

What are the advantages of MPLS?

Physical layout flexibility Prioritizing of data Redundancy in case of link failure One-to-many connection

What network topology or connection type can be implemented with only two endpoints?

Point - to - Point

Two Implementations of Star topology

Point - to - Point link an implication for star topology that is basically an extender for the network for when the hub has no more connection which add scalability. Wireless Topology which is literally just the wireless variation of the wired variation

Describe the purpose of MPLS

Puts labels or numbers on data and then uses those labels or numbers to forward them to the correct destination within a network Labels are assigned to the data on the edge of the MPLS network the forwarding process is totally based on the Labels.

What is the difference between work station and a server?

Servers provide resources to a massive number of users while workstations do not

What is the term for a device that shares its resources with other network devices?

Sever

You need a topology that is scalable to use in your network. Which of the following will you install?

Star

File Server

Stores and dispenses files

Fax Server

The "memo maker" that sends and receives paperless faxes over the network

Hybrid Topology

The combination of Two or more types of network topologies working together in the same network

Mail Server

The network's post office; handles email functions

Which of the following is a concern when using Peer - to - Peer networks?

The security associated with such a network. Since there are no dedicated servers to handle security its up to the individual computers to ensure proper security

Client - Server Networks

These networks contain a CENTRALIZED server to handle the entire network. This includes tighter security, and this type of network are optimized for larger networks

Servers

These run specialized software known as network operating systems to maintain and control the network. usually dedicated to one job but can be configured to multitask.

Ring Topology

This Topology connects all devices to each other forming a ring so if computer A needs resources from computer C you need to go through computer B. Expanding the network involves breaking the cable ring which will bring down the network. It is also hard to configure and expensive Some ISP's still use Ring topology for SONET

Mesh Topology

This Topology is best user for smaller networks Since all devices are connected to each other This topology has the most connections per device. all of these connections creates redundancy.Most of the time This topology is user in a hybrid method

Bus Topology

This Topology uses one MAIN cable in the network and then uses wire taps to connect computers.The benifits of this Topology is that its easy to install and not very expensive. All devices CAN see the data flowing through the network BUT only the device that the data is addressed to actually gets the data. If main cable breaks whole network goes down. Bus toplogy is harder to troubleshoot, move, change, and has little to know fault tolerance.

Point-to-Multi point Topology

This topology consists of a group of connections on one router that are used to connect other destination router. You would still have one point of connection to the multiple connection. and example if connecting corporate offices to branch offices.

Star Topology

This topology has a central point with there own cabling. The central point is usually a hub, switch, or access point. It does require more cabling therefore more expensive. This topology is easier to troubleshoot since if a cable fails only the devices connected to that segment or cable goes down you'd simple replace that cable. Star topologies are easier to explain and much more fault tolerant Although it is rare but if the central device again usually Hub, switch, or access point goes down the whole network goes down.

Point - to - Point Topology

This topology uses ONE connection path such as Router to Router or A Host to another host or a Host to a hub or switch. This topology is commonly used in today's WAN's routers in a point-to-point topology can be linked by a serial cable, making it a physical network.If they're located far apart and connected by a Frame Relay or MPLS network, it's a logical network A example of this setup consists of a direct wireless link between two wireless bridges that's used to connect computers in two different buildings together.

True or False WAN's can utilize both private or Public Data transport

True

True or False: Internetwork is a type of LAN and/ or WAN that connects a bunch of networks, or intranets. In an internetwork, hosts still use hardware addresses to communicate with other hosts on the LAN. However, they use logical addresses

True

Local Area Network (LAN)

Typically spans a small area such as building sometimes smaller.

What does WAN stand for?

Wide Area Network

WAN

Wide Area Network; largest type of network in terms of geographic area

You can split a LAN into ______

Work groups to make administration easier

What is an drawback of separating a LAN into a work group

You need a physical connection to use any of the resources on that LAN

Which LAN topology is characterized by all devices being daisy-chained together with the devices at each end being connected to only one other device?

a Bus

Internetwork can be described as what

a collection of connected networks or intranets

SAN (storage area network)

a high-speed network with the sole purpose of providing storage to other attached servers

Application Server

manages network applications