1.5 Compare and contrast the characteristics of network topologies, types and technologies.
A centralized WAN is described as what?
A central computer that REMOTE computers connect to ( Think of remotes offices connecting to main corporate office)
You need a network that provides centralized authentication for your users. Which of the following logical topologies should you use?
A client server
CAN (Campus Area Network)
A computer network that connects two or more LANs that are located on a campus.
Network is Defined as
A group of connected people or things that share resources
What is a logical grouping of network users and resources called?
A host which is typically grouped together by a hub or switch
Binary Code
A language that computers use to talk to each other using 1's and 0's
A distributed WAN is described as what?
Lots of interconnected computers located in many different places
Which type of WAN technology uses labels, which enables priority of voice though the network?
MPLS
Print Server
Manages printers on the network
Web Server
Manages web-based activities by running Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) for storing web content and accessing web pages
which of the following physical toplogies has the most connections and the least popular of LAN's
Mesh
What are the two variations of the Mesh Topology?
Mesh hybrid toplogy is usually used in WAN'S. Due to the all the connections the fault tolerance is IMMENSE but it is also VERY pricey. Partial Mesh is a cheaper solution with just about the same Fault tolerance not evey single device is connected to each other but most of them still are this requires thought on what devices SHOULD be.
What does MLPS stand for
Multi-protocol label switching
MPLS Stands far what?
Multiprotocol Label Switching
What common WAN topology often results in multiple connections to a single site (leading to a high degree of fault tolerance) and has one-to-many connections?
Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)
Will a computer that shares no resources most likely be connected to the backbone or to a segment?
A segment
Proxy Server
A server that acts as an intermediary between a user and the Internet.
A work group is defined as
A set of devices with no association with each other
Host is ____?
Any network device with an IP address
Servers Typically include
High speed CPU High speed Memmory High Hard drive space
Networks can be split in two parts what are they and define them
Backbone - is what all the networksegments and servers connect to and what gives the network structor( Think of it as a main cable) most of these are optimized for speed and efficiency Network Segments - small sections of the network that are attached to the backbone ( main cable)
Workstations
Beefy computers that provide resources to more then one user or host. Usually have more then one CPU
Common Topologies are
Bus Star Ring Mesh Point-to-point Point - to - multipoint Hybrid
What are the 3 basic LAN topologies?
Bus, Ring, and State
What network model draws a clear distinction between devices that share their resources and devices that do not?
Client - Server
Selecting the right Topology involves concidering
Cost Ease of installation Ease of maintenance Fault-tolerance requirement Security requirement
Typically businesses arrange LAN work groups by what?
Departments such as Account, sales, marketing
Common Dedicated Servers are
File Server Mail Server Print Server Web Server Fax Server Application Server Telephony Server Proxy Server
How do you determine the amount of connections for the Mesh Topology?
Formula to calculate Connections: n(n-1)/2 This means that in a network consisting of only four computers, you have 4( 4- 1)/ 2, or 6 connections. Full Mesh topologies are less likely to have collisions which is when two hosts try to talk at the same time and the data gets lost.
Telephony Server
Handles the call center and call routing and can be thought of as a sophisticated network answering machine
What device is generally implemented as a Star topology
Hub or Switch
Intranetwork (WAN's, internet) use what to communicate with other devices on the network
IP address (logical address)
Routers Connect what together
Networks
Peer - to - Peer Networks
Networks that do not have a central host or special authority all computers are EQUALS. Security checks will come from the computer that has resources that is being request from it ( computer A needs Senstive information from computer B so computer B will do a security check. All Resources can be shared among other computers as long as there are not a lot of users on the network and back ups are done locally ( on the computer ) instead on the network and if the network does not need alot of security)
In a physical star topology, what happens when a workstation loses its physical connection to another device?
Only that workstation loses the ability to communicate
Physical Network Toplogies
Physical Topology - This map shows the location of workstations and devices, and the arrangement of cables. Logical Topology - Shows EXACTLY how data is moving through the network
What are the advantages of MPLS?
Physical layout flexibility Prioritizing of data Redundancy in case of link failure One-to-many connection
What network topology or connection type can be implemented with only two endpoints?
Point - to - Point
Two Implementations of Star topology
Point - to - Point link an implication for star topology that is basically an extender for the network for when the hub has no more connection which add scalability. Wireless Topology which is literally just the wireless variation of the wired variation
Describe the purpose of MPLS
Puts labels or numbers on data and then uses those labels or numbers to forward them to the correct destination within a network Labels are assigned to the data on the edge of the MPLS network the forwarding process is totally based on the Labels.
What is the difference between work station and a server?
Servers provide resources to a massive number of users while workstations do not
What is the term for a device that shares its resources with other network devices?
Sever
You need a topology that is scalable to use in your network. Which of the following will you install?
Star
File Server
Stores and dispenses files
Fax Server
The "memo maker" that sends and receives paperless faxes over the network
Hybrid Topology
The combination of Two or more types of network topologies working together in the same network
Mail Server
The network's post office; handles email functions
Which of the following is a concern when using Peer - to - Peer networks?
The security associated with such a network. Since there are no dedicated servers to handle security its up to the individual computers to ensure proper security
Client - Server Networks
These networks contain a CENTRALIZED server to handle the entire network. This includes tighter security, and this type of network are optimized for larger networks
Servers
These run specialized software known as network operating systems to maintain and control the network. usually dedicated to one job but can be configured to multitask.
Ring Topology
This Topology connects all devices to each other forming a ring so if computer A needs resources from computer C you need to go through computer B. Expanding the network involves breaking the cable ring which will bring down the network. It is also hard to configure and expensive Some ISP's still use Ring topology for SONET
Mesh Topology
This Topology is best user for smaller networks Since all devices are connected to each other This topology has the most connections per device. all of these connections creates redundancy.Most of the time This topology is user in a hybrid method
Bus Topology
This Topology uses one MAIN cable in the network and then uses wire taps to connect computers.The benifits of this Topology is that its easy to install and not very expensive. All devices CAN see the data flowing through the network BUT only the device that the data is addressed to actually gets the data. If main cable breaks whole network goes down. Bus toplogy is harder to troubleshoot, move, change, and has little to know fault tolerance.
Point-to-Multi point Topology
This topology consists of a group of connections on one router that are used to connect other destination router. You would still have one point of connection to the multiple connection. and example if connecting corporate offices to branch offices.
Star Topology
This topology has a central point with there own cabling. The central point is usually a hub, switch, or access point. It does require more cabling therefore more expensive. This topology is easier to troubleshoot since if a cable fails only the devices connected to that segment or cable goes down you'd simple replace that cable. Star topologies are easier to explain and much more fault tolerant Although it is rare but if the central device again usually Hub, switch, or access point goes down the whole network goes down.
Point - to - Point Topology
This topology uses ONE connection path such as Router to Router or A Host to another host or a Host to a hub or switch. This topology is commonly used in today's WAN's routers in a point-to-point topology can be linked by a serial cable, making it a physical network.If they're located far apart and connected by a Frame Relay or MPLS network, it's a logical network A example of this setup consists of a direct wireless link between two wireless bridges that's used to connect computers in two different buildings together.
True or False WAN's can utilize both private or Public Data transport
True
True or False: Internetwork is a type of LAN and/ or WAN that connects a bunch of networks, or intranets. In an internetwork, hosts still use hardware addresses to communicate with other hosts on the LAN. However, they use logical addresses
True
Local Area Network (LAN)
Typically spans a small area such as building sometimes smaller.
What does WAN stand for?
Wide Area Network
WAN
Wide Area Network; largest type of network in terms of geographic area
You can split a LAN into ______
Work groups to make administration easier
What is an drawback of separating a LAN into a work group
You need a physical connection to use any of the resources on that LAN
Which LAN topology is characterized by all devices being daisy-chained together with the devices at each end being connected to only one other device?
a Bus
Internetwork can be described as what
a collection of connected networks or intranets
SAN (storage area network)
a high-speed network with the sole purpose of providing storage to other attached servers
Application Server
manages network applications