1.5 Terms & HW Questions

What does it mean when a part of the population is under-represented? A part of the population is under-represented when.... A. individuals selected to be in the sample who do not respond to the survey have different opinions from those who do. B. it is proportionally smaller in a sample than in its population. C. it is proportionally smaller in its population than in a sample. D. the technique used to obtain the individuals to be in the sample tends to favor one part of the population over another.

B. it is proportionally smaller in a sample than in its population.

____ ____ exists when individuals selected to be in the sample who do not respond to the survey have different opinions from those who do.

Nonresponse bias

____ ____ result from undercoverage, nonresponsive bias, response bias, or data-entry error.

Nonsampling bias

____ ____ exists when the answers on a survey do not reflect the true feelings of the respondent.

Response bias

____ ____ means that the technique used to obtain the sample's individual tends to favor one part of the population over another.

Sampling bias

____ ____ results from using a sample to estimate information about a population.

Sampling error

Suppose you are conducting a survey regarding illicit drug use among teenagers in some school district. You obtain a cluster sample of 12 schools within the district and sample all sophomore students in the randomly selected schools. They survey is administered by the teachers. This survey has bias. (a) What is the type of bias? A. Response bias B. Sampling bias C. Nonresponse bias (b) What is a possible remedy? A. Use systematic random sampling. B. Conduct face-to-face or telephone interview. C. Maybe perform the polling by professional social workers.

A. Response bias & C. Maybe perform the polling by professional social workers

A magazine is conducting a study on the effects of infidelity in a marriage. The editors randomly select 400 women whose husbands were unfaithful and ask, "Do you believe a marriage can survive when the husband destroys the trust that must exist between husband and wife?" This survey has bias. (a) What is the type of bias? A. Response bias B. Sampling bias C. Nonresponse bias (b) What is a possible remedy? A. Conduct face-to-face or telephone interviews. B Use systematic random sampling C. Reword the question

A. Response bias & C. Reword the question

The survey has bias. (a) Determine the type of bias. (b) Suggest a remedy. Suppose you are conducting a survey regarding violence toward siblings in a school district. You obtain a cluster sample of 48 households within a school district and sample all children in the randomly selected households. The survey is administered by the parents. (a) type of bias A. Response bias B. Sampling bias C. Nonresponse bias D. Undercoverage bias (b) suggest a remedy. The survey should... A. include the parents B. be administered to a random sample, not a cluster sample. C. include a greater number of households. D. be administered by an impartial party.

A. Response bias & D. The survey should be administered by an impartial party.

Suppose that a magazine predicted that Candidate A would defeat Candidate B in a certain election. They conducted a poll of automobile owners with a response rate of 23%. On the basis of the results, the magazine predictd that Candidate A would win with 57% of the popular vote. However, Candidate B won the election with about 62% of the popular vote. At the time of this poll, most automobile owners belonged to the party of Candidate A. Name two biases that led to this incorrect prediction. A. Sampling bias: Using an incorrect frame led to undercoverage. Response bias: The way the poll was administered showed bias. B. Nonresponse bias: the low response rate caused bias. Response bias: The way the poll was administered showed bias. C. Sampling bias: Using an incorrect frame led to undercoverage. Nonresponse bias: The low response rate caused bias.

C.

The manager of a shopping mall wished to expand the number of shops available in the food court. She has a market researcher survey the first 80 customers who would come into the food court during weekend evenings to determine what types of food the shoppers would like to see added to the food court. (a) The survey has bias. Determine whether the flaw is due to the sampling method or the survey itself. For biased surveys, identify the cause of the error. What is the cause of the bias? A. Response bias B. Nonresponse C. Sampling bias (b) Suggest a remedy to the problem. Which of the following is the best way to remedy this problem? A. Increase the sample size so that more people respond to the question. B. Ask customers throughout the day on both weekdays and weekends. C. Reword the question so that it is balanced.

C. Sampling bias & B. Ask customers.....

The survey has bias. (a) Determine the type of bias. (b) Suggest a remedy. A polling organization conducts a study to estimate the percentage of households that have both parents sharing equally in household chores. It mails a questionnaire to 1476 randomly selected households across the country and asks the head of each household if he or she has both parents sharing equally in household chores. Of the 1476 households selected, 21 responded. A. Response bias B. Undercoverage bias C. Sampling bias D. Nonresponse bias (b) How can the bias be remedied? The polling organization should... A. try contacting households that do not respond by phone or face-to-face. B. mail the questionnaire to each person in the households. C. mail the questionnaire to a greater number of households. D. only select households in a single state.

D. Nonresponse bias & A. The polling organization should try contacting households that do not respond by phone or face-to-face.

A poll is being conducted at a pet store to obtain a sample of the population of an entire country. What is the frame for this type of sampling? Who would be excluded from the survey and how might this affect the results of the survey? (a) What is the frame for this type of sampling? The frame is... A. people who have a dog. B. people who own a pet. C. people who like to shop. D. the entire population of the country. (b) Who would be excluded from the survey and how might this affect the results of the survey? A. Any person who does not like pets is excluded. This could result in sampling bias due to undercoverage. B. Any person who has a cat is excluded. This could result in sampling bias due to undercoverage. C. Any person who does not like pets is excluded. This could result in nonresponse bias due to people not participating in the poll. D. There is nobody that is being excluded from the survey.

D. the entire population of the country & A. Any person who does not like pets is excluded. This could result in sampling bias due to undercoverage.

If the results of the sample are not representative of the population, then the sample has ____ ____ ____.

bias in sampling