19 Socio - Religious Reform Movements

His early name was Shuddirama

Gadhadhar Chatterjee.

He was invited to the Congress of the

History of Religions at Paris in 1900.

Shri Ramakrishna Paramhamsa (1834 - 1886) was born in Kumarpukur village in the

Hoogly village of Bengal.

Dayanand, was known in his early life as

Mul Shankar.

In 1866 Syed Ahmed Khan founded the

Muslim Educational Conference.

He was the first to consider Hindi as a

National Language.

He was a priest in the Dakshineswar Kali temple.

So he is called the Saint of Dakshineswar.

He started the Suddhi Movement to re-convert to Hinduism those who were

converted to other religions.

Vivekananda was born in a Kayastha

family of Calcutta.

Against the Brahmasabha orthodox Hindus lead by Raja Radhakant Deb

started Dharmasabha.

He got legitimisation to his

views from Upanishads.

Founded the Seva Samiti Boys Scouts Association in 1914 at Bombay on the lines of world wide Baden Powell organisation,

which at that time banned Indians from Joining it. Veerasalingam Pantulu

In 1822 he started Mirat-ul-Akbar,

which was the first journal in Persian.

He considered Vedas as eternal and infalliable and said

¡¥Go back to Vedas¡¦

Dayanand Saraswati (1824 - 1883) was a

Sanyasi from Gujarat.

It was started in 1887 by

Shiv Narayan Agnihotri at Lahore.

Kuka movement was founded by Bagat Jawaharmal, popularly known as

Sian Sahib in the 19th century.

The Akali Movement was also started for

Sikh reform

Kuka Movement was started with the aim of Sikh reform and restoration of

Sikh sovereignty in Punjab by driving the British away.

This movement was started by

Sir Syed Ahmad Khan (1817 - 98)

He founded the Muhammadan Literarary

Society at Calcutta in 1863.

Most prominent social reformer of

South India in the second half of the 19th Century.

He was the first to use the terms - Swarajya

Swabhasha and Swadharma.

It was founded by

Swami Dayanand Saraswathi in 1875.

Devendra Nath Tagore was the founder of

Tatvabodhinisabha in Calcutta in 1839.

In 1898 Sister Nivedita

, (Margaret Elizebth Noble) an Irish lady was initiated to brahmacharya by/ Vivekananda. Theosophical Society

In 1875 he founded the Aligarh Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College

, (later Aligarh Muslim University)

In 1882 it shifted its head quarters to

Adayar near Madras.

In 1831 he went to England to argue the case of

Akbar II before the Board of Control.

Sadharana Brahma Samaj was started by

Anandmohan Bose in 1878.

In the same year Rammohan and Dwarakanath Tagore jointly started a newspaper called

Bangadatta.

He founded the Arya Samaj at

Bombay in 1575.

Belonging to the low caste of Mali from Maharashtra, struggled against upper caste domination and

Brahamincal supremacy through his Sathyashodhak Samaj founded in/ 1873.

In 1828, August he founded the BrahmaSabha Later in 1845 the name

Brahmasamaj was given to it by Devendranath Tagore.

Started by Henry Vivian Derozio, teacher in the

Calcutta Hindu College.

Established the ¡¥Atmiya Sabha¡¦ in

Calcutta in 1815 inorder to propagate monotheism and to fight against the evil customs and practices in Hinduism.

Rammohan Roy

(1772 - 1883) and Brahmo Samaj

In 1821 he started a paper called

Samvat Kaumudi.

In 1873 the Singh Sabha Movement was

founded at Amritsar.

He also founded the All India Trade Union Congress

in 1920 at Bombay.

He was the first to teach an aggressive, reformed and

militant Hinduism.

Dr.Annie Basant came to India in 1893, was its

notable President.

She started the Home Rule League with the Cooperation

of Bal Gangadhar Tilak in 1916 with Dadabhai Naoroji as its/ President. Young Bengal Movement

B.M. Malabari started a Crusade against child marriage and his efforts were crowned by the enactment

of the Age consent Act. 1891.

He wrote Ghulam-giri in 1872 exposing the conditions

of the backward castes.

Founded in 1867 in Bombay by Dr. Atmaram Pandurang (not by MG Ranade) as an

offshoot of the Brahmasamaj.

Surendra Nath Banerjee was the first Indian to took up his political activity

on an all India basis.

Believed in monotheism and

opposed idol worship.

Reformer from Maharashtra he advocated the

power of human reason.

She was the first woman to become the

president of INC in 1917.

Altaf Hussain Hali, Dr. Nazir Ahmad, Nawab Mutin Ul Mulk, Chirag Ali etc were the

prominent leader of Aligarh Movement.

He founded the Rajmundri Social Reform Association in 1878 with the principal objective of

promoting widow remarriage. Muslim Reform Movements Aligarh Movement

He founded the Seva Samiti at Allahabad in 1914 with the objective of organising social service during the natural calamities and

promoting education sanitation, physical culture etc. Shri Ram Bajpal

Raja Ram Mohan Roy is known as

the father of Modern India, ¡¥Herald of New Age¡¦, ¡¥Bridge between Past and Future. ¡¥First Modern Man in India¡¦ Father of Indian Renaissance, Pathfinder of his Century etc.

Kukas recognised Guru Govind Singh as the only

true Guru of the Sikhs. Some other Reformers

In 1898 she started the Central Hindu School at Benaras, it later became Benaras Hindu University

under Madan Mohan Malavya (1916).

He is called the

¡¥patriot saint of India¡¦.

He was also described as a

¡¥¡¥Cyclonic Hindu¡¦¡¦.

He is known as Luther of

Hinduism.

After the death of Raja Ram Mohan Roy Brahmasamaj was divided into

several sects.

1899 the Matha or the centre of the mission was

shifted to Belur.

Keshav Chandra Sen was the first Indian who attempted to reform the

society on an all India basis.

He attended the Parliament of Reigions at

Chicago in 1893, September 11.

Aryaprakash was the news paper started by

Dayanand Saraswati. Ramakrishna Mission

His followers were known as the

Derozians They attacked the old traditions and decadant customs.

The religious text of this Samaj was Deva Shastra and the teaching

Devadharma. NM Joshi

In 1828 he started the Academic Association.

Gopal Ganesh Agarkar

Initially a member of Ghoklale¡¦s Servants of

India Society.

Keshav Chandrasen started a paper called

Indian Mirror in 1861.

He left AITUC in 1929 and started the

Indian Trades Union Federation. HN Kunzru

Prof. D.K. Karve who took the cause of widow remarriage started the

Indian Women University at Bombay in 1916.

He founded the Ramakrishana Mission on

Ist May 1897.

Adi Brahmasamaj lead by Devendra Nath Tagore and Bharatiya Brahmasamaj led by

Keshav Chandra Sen were started in 1866.

Brahmasamaj reached outside Bengal under

Keshav Chandra Sen.

He founded the Social Service

League at Bombay in 1911.

It was later joined by

M.G. Ranade and R.G. Bhandarkar. Arya samaj

The Theosophical Society was founded by

Madame Blavatsky and Col. H.S.Olcott in Newyork in 1875.

Ahrar Movement was founded in 1910 under the leadership of

Maulana Mohamed Ali.

Thuhafath ul - muvahiddin or Gift to

Monotheists is also a work of Raja Ram Mohan Roy. Prarthana Samaj

He founded the Deccan Education Society at

Poona in 1884 with Tilak, V.K. Chiplunkar and N M Joshi. Jyotiba Phule

Ahmadia MovementFounded by Mirza Ahmad at

Quadiani in Punjab. Sikh Reform Movements

¡¥Precepts to Jesus¡¦ is a book written by

Rajaram Mohan Roy.

The Mughal Emperor Akbarshah II gave

Ram Mohan the title ¡¥Raja¡¦.

He started two papers - the monthly Prabudha Barat in English and

Udbodhana a Bengali fortnightly.

Its philosophy was inspired by the Hindu

Upanishads.

He started Dayanand Anglo

Vedic College in 1866.

The most famous disciple of Ramakrishna was

Vivekananda (1861 - 1903).

In 1829 December 4 Sati was abolished by governor general

William Bentinck.

Sir Syed¡¦s journal Tahzib-ul-Akhlaq advocated a rational

approach towards religion.

In 1825 he started the Vedanta College

at Calcutta.

His book Satyartha Prakash is a

commentary on Vedas.

He pioneered the Widow Remarriage Movement in Maharashtra and worked for the

education of women. Deva Samaj