19 Socio - Religious Reform Movements
His early name was Shuddirama
Gadhadhar Chatterjee.
He was invited to the Congress of the
History of Religions at Paris in 1900.
Shri Ramakrishna Paramhamsa (1834 - 1886) was born in Kumarpukur village in the
Hoogly village of Bengal.
Dayanand, was known in his early life as
Mul Shankar.
In 1866 Syed Ahmed Khan founded the
Muslim Educational Conference.
He was the first to consider Hindi as a
National Language.
He was a priest in the Dakshineswar Kali temple.
So he is called the Saint of Dakshineswar.
He started the Suddhi Movement to re-convert to Hinduism those who were
converted to other religions.
Vivekananda was born in a Kayastha
family of Calcutta.
Against the Brahmasabha orthodox Hindus lead by Raja Radhakant Deb
started Dharmasabha.
He got legitimisation to his
views from Upanishads.
Founded the Seva Samiti Boys Scouts Association in 1914 at Bombay on the lines of world wide Baden Powell organisation,
which at that time banned Indians from Joining it. Veerasalingam Pantulu
In 1822 he started Mirat-ul-Akbar,
which was the first journal in Persian.
He considered Vedas as eternal and infalliable and said
¡¥Go back to Vedas¡¦
Dayanand Saraswati (1824 - 1883) was a
Sanyasi from Gujarat.
It was started in 1887 by
Shiv Narayan Agnihotri at Lahore.
Kuka movement was founded by Bagat Jawaharmal, popularly known as
Sian Sahib in the 19th century.
The Akali Movement was also started for
Sikh reform
Kuka Movement was started with the aim of Sikh reform and restoration of
Sikh sovereignty in Punjab by driving the British away.
This movement was started by
Sir Syed Ahmad Khan (1817 - 98)
He founded the Muhammadan Literarary
Society at Calcutta in 1863.
Most prominent social reformer of
South India in the second half of the 19th Century.
He was the first to use the terms - Swarajya
Swabhasha and Swadharma.
It was founded by
Swami Dayanand Saraswathi in 1875.
Devendra Nath Tagore was the founder of
Tatvabodhinisabha in Calcutta in 1839.
In 1898 Sister Nivedita
, (Margaret Elizebth Noble) an Irish lady was initiated to brahmacharya by/ Vivekananda. Theosophical Society
In 1875 he founded the Aligarh Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College
, (later Aligarh Muslim University)
In 1882 it shifted its head quarters to
Adayar near Madras.
In 1831 he went to England to argue the case of
Akbar II before the Board of Control.
Sadharana Brahma Samaj was started by
Anandmohan Bose in 1878.
In the same year Rammohan and Dwarakanath Tagore jointly started a newspaper called
Bangadatta.
He founded the Arya Samaj at
Bombay in 1575.
Belonging to the low caste of Mali from Maharashtra, struggled against upper caste domination and
Brahamincal supremacy through his Sathyashodhak Samaj founded in/ 1873.
In 1828, August he founded the BrahmaSabha Later in 1845 the name
Brahmasamaj was given to it by Devendranath Tagore.
Started by Henry Vivian Derozio, teacher in the
Calcutta Hindu College.
Established the ¡¥Atmiya Sabha¡¦ in
Calcutta in 1815 inorder to propagate monotheism and to fight against the evil customs and practices in Hinduism.
Rammohan Roy
(1772 - 1883) and Brahmo Samaj
In 1821 he started a paper called
Samvat Kaumudi.
In 1873 the Singh Sabha Movement was
founded at Amritsar.
He also founded the All India Trade Union Congress
in 1920 at Bombay.
He was the first to teach an aggressive, reformed and
militant Hinduism.
Dr.Annie Basant came to India in 1893, was its
notable President.
She started the Home Rule League with the Cooperation
of Bal Gangadhar Tilak in 1916 with Dadabhai Naoroji as its/ President. Young Bengal Movement
B.M. Malabari started a Crusade against child marriage and his efforts were crowned by the enactment
of the Age consent Act. 1891.
He wrote Ghulam-giri in 1872 exposing the conditions
of the backward castes.
Founded in 1867 in Bombay by Dr. Atmaram Pandurang (not by MG Ranade) as an
offshoot of the Brahmasamaj.
Surendra Nath Banerjee was the first Indian to took up his political activity
on an all India basis.
Believed in monotheism and
opposed idol worship.
Reformer from Maharashtra he advocated the
power of human reason.
She was the first woman to become the
president of INC in 1917.
Altaf Hussain Hali, Dr. Nazir Ahmad, Nawab Mutin Ul Mulk, Chirag Ali etc were the
prominent leader of Aligarh Movement.
He founded the Rajmundri Social Reform Association in 1878 with the principal objective of
promoting widow remarriage. Muslim Reform Movements Aligarh Movement
He founded the Seva Samiti at Allahabad in 1914 with the objective of organising social service during the natural calamities and
promoting education sanitation, physical culture etc. Shri Ram Bajpal
Raja Ram Mohan Roy is known as
the father of Modern India, ¡¥Herald of New Age¡¦, ¡¥Bridge between Past and Future. ¡¥First Modern Man in India¡¦ Father of Indian Renaissance, Pathfinder of his Century etc.
Kukas recognised Guru Govind Singh as the only
true Guru of the Sikhs. Some other Reformers
In 1898 she started the Central Hindu School at Benaras, it later became Benaras Hindu University
under Madan Mohan Malavya (1916).
He is called the
¡¥patriot saint of India¡¦.
He was also described as a
¡¥¡¥Cyclonic Hindu¡¦¡¦.
He is known as Luther of
Hinduism.
After the death of Raja Ram Mohan Roy Brahmasamaj was divided into
several sects.
1899 the Matha or the centre of the mission was
shifted to Belur.
Keshav Chandra Sen was the first Indian who attempted to reform the
society on an all India basis.
He attended the Parliament of Reigions at
Chicago in 1893, September 11.
Aryaprakash was the news paper started by
Dayanand Saraswati. Ramakrishna Mission
His followers were known as the
Derozians They attacked the old traditions and decadant customs.
The religious text of this Samaj was Deva Shastra and the teaching
Devadharma. NM Joshi
In 1828 he started the Academic Association.
Gopal Ganesh Agarkar
Initially a member of Ghoklale¡¦s Servants of
India Society.
Keshav Chandrasen started a paper called
Indian Mirror in 1861.
He left AITUC in 1929 and started the
Indian Trades Union Federation. HN Kunzru
Prof. D.K. Karve who took the cause of widow remarriage started the
Indian Women University at Bombay in 1916.
He founded the Ramakrishana Mission on
Ist May 1897.
Adi Brahmasamaj lead by Devendra Nath Tagore and Bharatiya Brahmasamaj led by
Keshav Chandra Sen were started in 1866.
Brahmasamaj reached outside Bengal under
Keshav Chandra Sen.
He founded the Social Service
League at Bombay in 1911.
It was later joined by
M.G. Ranade and R.G. Bhandarkar. Arya samaj
The Theosophical Society was founded by
Madame Blavatsky and Col. H.S.Olcott in Newyork in 1875.
Ahrar Movement was founded in 1910 under the leadership of
Maulana Mohamed Ali.
Thuhafath ul - muvahiddin or Gift to
Monotheists is also a work of Raja Ram Mohan Roy. Prarthana Samaj
He founded the Deccan Education Society at
Poona in 1884 with Tilak, V.K. Chiplunkar and N M Joshi. Jyotiba Phule
Ahmadia MovementFounded by Mirza Ahmad at
Quadiani in Punjab. Sikh Reform Movements
¡¥Precepts to Jesus¡¦ is a book written by
Rajaram Mohan Roy.
The Mughal Emperor Akbarshah II gave
Ram Mohan the title ¡¥Raja¡¦.
He started two papers - the monthly Prabudha Barat in English and
Udbodhana a Bengali fortnightly.
Its philosophy was inspired by the Hindu
Upanishads.
He started Dayanand Anglo
Vedic College in 1866.
The most famous disciple of Ramakrishna was
Vivekananda (1861 - 1903).
In 1829 December 4 Sati was abolished by governor general
William Bentinck.
Sir Syed¡¦s journal Tahzib-ul-Akhlaq advocated a rational
approach towards religion.
In 1825 he started the Vedanta College
at Calcutta.
His book Satyartha Prakash is a
commentary on Vedas.
He pioneered the Widow Remarriage Movement in Maharashtra and worked for the
education of women. Deva Samaj
