1st trimester PENNY

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heart rate at 5 and 6 weeks is normal at

100-115 BPM

from the second trimester to term, the fetal heart rate ranges from

120-140 BPM

by 9 weeks heart rate increases to

140bpm

the normal gestational sac will grow

1mm per day

the gestational sac will grow at a rate of

1mm per day in early pregnancy

hCG is detected in the blood as early as

23 days menstrual age

fertilization typically occurs ______ after ovulation

24 hours

heart motion can be detected in a _____ embryo

4mm

limb buds are identified by

7 weeks

sperm can live up to

72 hours

physiologic bowel herniation (when the umbilical cord is created) begins at

8 weeks

the yolk sac produces

AFP. and is connected to the embryo by the vitelline duct, which contains one artery and one vein

by 6 weeks, the embryo can be seen and the heart rate be measured using

M-mode

implantation bleeding

a bleed that occurs at the time the conceptus implants

gestational trophoblastic diseas, GTD (molar pregnancy)

a group of disorders that are a result of an abnormal combination of male and female gametes.

sono ectopic pregnancy

adnexal ring sign, free fluid in morrisons pouch, endometrium containing blood, extrauterine gestational sac

by day 28

all connections have been established between the gestation and the mother

the most common site of fertilization is within the

ampulla

fertilization takes place in the

ampulla of the fallopian tube

adding 30 to the MSD you can obtain

an estimate of the gestational age in days

placenta may be noted

at the end of the first trimester as a well-defined, crescent shaped homogenous mass of tissue along the margins of the gestational sac.

the secondary yolk sac is found

between the amnion and chorion

morula turns into a

blastocyst

the blastocyst makes these links by the

chorionic villi

the secondary yolk sac becomes wedged between these two layers in the

chrionic cavity, or extraembryonic coelom.

clinical for ectopic pregnancy

classic triad, positive pregnancy test, low hCG, low hematocrit, cervical tenderness

morula

cluster of cells the zygote turns into

the most common pelvic mass associated with pregnancy is the

corpus luteum cyst

sono subchorionic hemorrhage

crescent shaped anechoic, echogenic area adjacent to the gestational sac

the most accurate sonographic measurement of pregnancy is the

crown rump length

the placenta is formed by the

decidua basalis, maternal contriobution, and chorion frondosum

the ____ ______ is the first sonographically identifiable sign of pregnancy

decidual reaction

methotrexate

destroys rapidly dividing cells, used to help ectopic pregnancy

in the first trimester, normal hCG levels will

double every 48 hours

choroid plexus

echogenic structures within the lateral ventricles that are responsible for CSF production

the inner part of the blastocyst will develop into the

embryo, amion, umbilical cord, primary and secondary yolk sacs.

the rhombencephalon will develop into the

fourth ventricle

another name for the chorionic sac is the

gestational sac

hCG level of 1 to 2000 mIU/mL should visualize

gestational sac

trophoblastic cells produce

hCG

clinical findings of GTD

hyperemesis, extreme levels of hCG, 100,000 mIU/mL, vaginal bleeding, hypertension, uterine enlargement

on days 20 or 21 the blastocyst

implants into the decidualized endometrium

the distal part of the fallopian tube

infundibulum

sono of complete molar pregnancy

large complex mass within the uterus with a "vesicular, snowstorm appearance." containing multiple cystic spaces.

compared to a normal IUP, an ectopic pregnancy will have a

low hCG

the most likely location for metastatic gestational trophoblastic disease

lungs

MSD

mean sac diameter.

nuchal translucency

measured at 11 to 14 weeks when the CRL measures between 45 and 85mm. measurement greater than 3mm is considered abnormal.

falx cerebri

midline of the brain

invasive molar pregnancy

molar pregnancy that invades into the myometrium

ectopic pregnancy

most common cause of pelvic pain with a positive pregnancy test. associated with PID. most common location, fallopian tube.

choriocarcinoma

most malignant form of trophoblastic disease with possible metastasis. the result of malignant progression of a molar pregnancy.

blighted ovum or anembryonic gestation

no evidence of a fetal pole or yolk sac within the gestational sac.

classic clinical triad for ectopic pregnancy

pain, vaginal bleeding, and palpable mass

the trophoblastic tissue will develop into

placenta and chorion

hCG maintainsthe corpus luteum cyst so that is can produce

progesterone

at 7 to 8 weeks, the anechoic structure located in the head is the

rhombencephalon, or hindbrain

the first structure seen within the gestational sac is the

secondary yolk sac

by 5 weeks

the embryonic heart begins to beat for the first time

4rth week of gestation the primary yolk sac regresses and 2 separate membranes are formed

the outer membrane, chorionic sac, or gestational sac. the inner membrane, amnion

the ovarian mass associated with molar pregnancy and elevated hCG is

theca lutein cyst

decidualized endometrium will appear

thick and echogenic

the blastocyst is composted of

trophoblastic cells

most common abnormalities associated with increased nuchal translucency are

turner syndrome, trisomy 18, and 21.

sperm and ovum produce a

zygote

the structure created by the union of sperm and egg is the

zygote


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