1st trimester PENNY
heart rate at 5 and 6 weeks is normal at
100-115 BPM
from the second trimester to term, the fetal heart rate ranges from
120-140 BPM
by 9 weeks heart rate increases to
140bpm
the normal gestational sac will grow
1mm per day
the gestational sac will grow at a rate of
1mm per day in early pregnancy
hCG is detected in the blood as early as
23 days menstrual age
fertilization typically occurs ______ after ovulation
24 hours
heart motion can be detected in a _____ embryo
4mm
limb buds are identified by
7 weeks
sperm can live up to
72 hours
physiologic bowel herniation (when the umbilical cord is created) begins at
8 weeks
the yolk sac produces
AFP. and is connected to the embryo by the vitelline duct, which contains one artery and one vein
by 6 weeks, the embryo can be seen and the heart rate be measured using
M-mode
implantation bleeding
a bleed that occurs at the time the conceptus implants
gestational trophoblastic diseas, GTD (molar pregnancy)
a group of disorders that are a result of an abnormal combination of male and female gametes.
sono ectopic pregnancy
adnexal ring sign, free fluid in morrisons pouch, endometrium containing blood, extrauterine gestational sac
by day 28
all connections have been established between the gestation and the mother
the most common site of fertilization is within the
ampulla
fertilization takes place in the
ampulla of the fallopian tube
adding 30 to the MSD you can obtain
an estimate of the gestational age in days
placenta may be noted
at the end of the first trimester as a well-defined, crescent shaped homogenous mass of tissue along the margins of the gestational sac.
the secondary yolk sac is found
between the amnion and chorion
morula turns into a
blastocyst
the blastocyst makes these links by the
chorionic villi
the secondary yolk sac becomes wedged between these two layers in the
chrionic cavity, or extraembryonic coelom.
clinical for ectopic pregnancy
classic triad, positive pregnancy test, low hCG, low hematocrit, cervical tenderness
morula
cluster of cells the zygote turns into
the most common pelvic mass associated with pregnancy is the
corpus luteum cyst
sono subchorionic hemorrhage
crescent shaped anechoic, echogenic area adjacent to the gestational sac
the most accurate sonographic measurement of pregnancy is the
crown rump length
the placenta is formed by the
decidua basalis, maternal contriobution, and chorion frondosum
the ____ ______ is the first sonographically identifiable sign of pregnancy
decidual reaction
methotrexate
destroys rapidly dividing cells, used to help ectopic pregnancy
in the first trimester, normal hCG levels will
double every 48 hours
choroid plexus
echogenic structures within the lateral ventricles that are responsible for CSF production
the inner part of the blastocyst will develop into the
embryo, amion, umbilical cord, primary and secondary yolk sacs.
the rhombencephalon will develop into the
fourth ventricle
another name for the chorionic sac is the
gestational sac
hCG level of 1 to 2000 mIU/mL should visualize
gestational sac
trophoblastic cells produce
hCG
clinical findings of GTD
hyperemesis, extreme levels of hCG, 100,000 mIU/mL, vaginal bleeding, hypertension, uterine enlargement
on days 20 or 21 the blastocyst
implants into the decidualized endometrium
the distal part of the fallopian tube
infundibulum
sono of complete molar pregnancy
large complex mass within the uterus with a "vesicular, snowstorm appearance." containing multiple cystic spaces.
compared to a normal IUP, an ectopic pregnancy will have a
low hCG
the most likely location for metastatic gestational trophoblastic disease
lungs
MSD
mean sac diameter.
nuchal translucency
measured at 11 to 14 weeks when the CRL measures between 45 and 85mm. measurement greater than 3mm is considered abnormal.
falx cerebri
midline of the brain
invasive molar pregnancy
molar pregnancy that invades into the myometrium
ectopic pregnancy
most common cause of pelvic pain with a positive pregnancy test. associated with PID. most common location, fallopian tube.
choriocarcinoma
most malignant form of trophoblastic disease with possible metastasis. the result of malignant progression of a molar pregnancy.
blighted ovum or anembryonic gestation
no evidence of a fetal pole or yolk sac within the gestational sac.
classic clinical triad for ectopic pregnancy
pain, vaginal bleeding, and palpable mass
the trophoblastic tissue will develop into
placenta and chorion
hCG maintainsthe corpus luteum cyst so that is can produce
progesterone
at 7 to 8 weeks, the anechoic structure located in the head is the
rhombencephalon, or hindbrain
the first structure seen within the gestational sac is the
secondary yolk sac
by 5 weeks
the embryonic heart begins to beat for the first time
4rth week of gestation the primary yolk sac regresses and 2 separate membranes are formed
the outer membrane, chorionic sac, or gestational sac. the inner membrane, amnion
the ovarian mass associated with molar pregnancy and elevated hCG is
theca lutein cyst
decidualized endometrium will appear
thick and echogenic
the blastocyst is composted of
trophoblastic cells
most common abnormalities associated with increased nuchal translucency are
turner syndrome, trisomy 18, and 21.
sperm and ovum produce a
zygote
the structure created by the union of sperm and egg is the
zygote
