2013
Which statement best describes the style and content of the first paragraph (lines 1-6) ? (A) The author moves from the general to the specific as he considers the nutritional value of fish. (B) The author speaks in poetic fragments as he ponders the qualities and characteristics of fish. (C) The author employs technical terms as he critiques the primary types of fish. (D) The author's word choice shifts from the concrete to the abstract as he argues to save fish. (E) The author's voice changes from conversational to academic as he clarifies his thoughts about fish.
E, The author's voice changes from conversational to academic as he clarifies his thoughts about fish.
In line 16, the word "parse" refers to the analysis of fish for the purpose of (A) creating a prioritized list of food sources (B) condemning a confusing system of classification (C) determining the condition of the marine environment (D) identifying a group of endangered species (E) ranking the best fishing strategies
A, creating a prioritized list of food sources (B) condemning a confusing system of classification
The phrase "a verbal life on the lips of the living" (line 5) suggests that (A) performances live only in the memories of those who witness and speak of them (B) actors do not take the trouble to explain their art to the public (C) the reviews of critics have a powerful influence on the popularity of a production (D) dramatists try to write dialogue that imitates ordinary spoken language (E) audiences respond to the realism of the theater
A, performances live only in the memories of those who witness and speak of them
The author suggests that Shakespeare, Shaw, and Ibsen could not "fit" (line 46) Terry chiefly because (A) the parts they created did not allow Terry to make use of every aspect of her talents (B) their dramatic talents were focused on plot rather than on character (C) Terry was better at conveying certain kinds of characters and emotions than she was at conveying others (D) their plays were set in historical periods different from the one in which Terry lived (E) the speeches they wrote for their female characters were written in accents and dialects different from Terry's
A, the parts they created did not allow Terry to make use of every aspect of her talents
The "acorns" (line 38) represent (A) Carlyle's young children (B) Carlyle's less prominent contemporaries (C) ideas in Carlyle's books (D) books written about Carlyle (E) those who are critical of Carlyle
C, ideas in Carlyle's books
The passage implies that the primary enemy of the "beautiful coloured canvas" and the "wavering, insubstantial phantom" (lines 3 and 4-5) is the (A) cost of producing plays (B) whims of critics (C) passage of time (D) incredulity of audiences (E) shortcomings of dramatists
C, passage of time
55. In lines 75-83 ("When he . . . his opinions"), the author develops her rhetorical purpose by (A)contrasting "he" and "we" to set Carlyle apart and show how he is critical of everyone else (B)inserting dashes to highlight Carlyle' s most influential ideas and opinions (C)employing dramatically urgent adverbs to create a surprising conclusion for the reader (D)delaying the conclusion of the independent clause to build up the reader's sense of anticipation (E) utilizing the parallel "Hear! hear!" and "Oh! oh!" to imitate a chorus of approval for Carlyle
D, delaying the conclusion of the independent clause to build up the reader's sense of anticipation
In lines 47-48, the author refers to "an epoch in the history of their minds" to (A) illustrate the ways in which other intellectuals disagreed with Carlyle (B) define the meaning of the title Sartor Resartus (C) question the continued relevance of Carlyle's ideas (D) describe the major impact that Carlyle had on other people (E) characterize the arduous process of reading Sartor Resartus
D, describe the major impact that Carlyle had on other people
In context, the image of being up under Old Nell's skirt (lines 23-24) is meant to suggest (A) safety (B) confusion (C) domesticity (D) familiarity (E) imprisonment
D, familiarity
The "sketches" (line 36) are most probably (A) responses to reviewers who have criticized Terry's acting (B) paintings by Terry of other actors (C) stage directions from playwrights (D) self-revelatory remarks (E) descriptions of characters Terry has portrayed
D, self-revelatory remarks
What information does note 2 provide about the quotation from Francis Galton? (A) It appears in a 1999 reprint of Galton's book, edited by Juliet Clutton-Brock. (B) It is the focus of a book written by scholar Juliet Clutton-Brock. (C) It expresses a view highly similar to that found in Galton's other works. (D) It was inspired by the works of Charles Darwin. (E) It came from A Natural History of Domesticated Mammals.
E, It came from A Natural History of Domesticated Mammals.
The pronoun "it" (line 6) refers to which of the following? (A) "fate" (line 1) (B) "curtain" (line 2) (C) "canvas" (line 3) (D) "phantom" (line 5) (E) "life" (line 5)
A, "fate" (line 1)
Which of the following best represents the author's intended audience? (A) Individuals who are fairly well acquainted with Carlyle's writing (B) Readers who are having trouble understanding Carlyle's prose (C) Writers who hope to produce books that are like Carlyle's (D) Instructors looking for different ways to teach Carlyle (E) Scholars seeking information about Carlyle' s personal life
A, Individuals who are fairly well acquainted with Carlyle's writing
Which of the following best describes the tone of the passage? (A) It is largely objective and rises in urgency. (B) It is marked by a growing sense of anger and disillusionment. (C) It alternates between quizzical disbelief and grave condemnation. (D) It remains cynical and condescending throughout. (E) It shifts from mild concern to a final sense of optimism.
A, It is largely objective and rises in urgency.
The second paragraph of the passage relies especially on the use of (A) cautionary advice (B) colorful anecdotes (C) self-deprecating humor (D) extended analysis (E) terrifying juxtapositions
B, colorful anecdotes
The statement "although . . . survived" (lines 7-8) is an admission that (A) details about technical equipment are of inter- est only to specialists (B) some tornadoes are so powerful that scientists cannot quantify them precisely (C) scientists have abandoned the effort to mea- sure the wind speed of tornadoes (D) predicting the path a tornado will take is extremely difficult (E) precise measurement of wind speed will aid climatologists in categorizing tornadoes
B, some tornadoes are so powerful that scientists cannot quantify them precisely
The words "bubbled off" (line 19) and "peeled off" (line 28), used to describe the way Terry wrote, emphasize (A) polish and sophistication (B) thoughtfulness and application (C) bluntness and indiscretion (D) mystery and imagination (E) ease and spontaneity
E, ease and spontaneity
What is the relationship between the two paragraphs in the passage? (A) The first paragraph describes strengths of a writer that Carlyle exhibits, and the second discusses his legacy. (B) The first paragraph surveys various types of writers, and the second focuses on Carlyle. (C) The first paragraph describes Carlyle's critics, and the second depicts his supporters. (D) The first paragraph considers who influenced Carlyle, and the second lists those he influenced. (E) The first paragraph explains Carlyle's major ideas, and the second evaluates his predictions.
A, The first paragraph describes strengths of a writer that Carlyle exhibits, and the second discusses his legacy.
The author is best described as (A) a curious individual who seeks out diverse information from a variety of sources (B) a serious scientist who is determined to learn more about the causes of these storms (C) an excited eyewitness who is too distracted to fear for personal safety (D) a confused novice who is unable to decide which claims are accurate (E) an ironic interpreter who comments on the failures and follies of others
A, a curious individual who seeks out diverse information from a variety of sources
The first sentence of the passage (lines 1-14) employs all of the following to convey the power and variety of tornadoes EXCEPT (A) abstract generalization (B) the jargon of climatologists (C) metaphor (D) parallel construction (E) varying degrees of formality
A, abstract generalization
In the third paragraph (lines 26-41), the author mentions Francis Galton primarily to (A) cite supporting evidence for the author's argument about eugenics (B) provide a possible solution to a long-standing problem (C) identify the ethical dilemmas of animal domestication (D) acknowledge an influential thinker in the field of food science (E) describe a perspective that the author considers problematic
E, describe a perspective that the author considers problematic
The phrase "as bald as if a cyclonic wind had taken his scalp" (lines 18-19) does all of the following EXCEPT (A) describe the grandfather with an image related to the cyclone (B) suggest a lighter tone for the paragraph (C) particularize the first of several sources of information mentioned in the paragraph (D) suggest the power of the tornado (E) express concern about the condition of the grandfather
E, express concern about the condition of the grandfather
The passage ends on a note of (A) utter exhaustion (B) genuine relief (C) catastrophic destructiveness (D) ominous warning (E) lighthearted irony
E, lighthearted irony
Note 4 suggests that the author (A) believes that Daniel Pauly's position is credible (B) questions the validity of Jeff Hutchinson's academic work (C) is troubled by the opposing views of experts in the field (D) believes that further research on the World War II time period is crucial (E) used only print sources in the research for the book
A, believes that Daniel Pauly's position is credible
The effect of mentioning an "Academy portrait" (line 32) is to (A) imply that Terry deserved to have her portrait painted by a great artist (B) suggest that Terry was adept at self-expression both in writing and in painting (C) clarify the informal nature of Terry's self- portrait through contrast (D) hint that Terry's self-absorption prevented her from writing about herself dispassionately (E) blame Terry for her rebellion against the conventions of art forms
C, clarify the informal nature of Terry's self- portrait through contrast
The author develops the passage primarily through (A) accumulation of detail (B) pro-and-con argument (C) thesis followed by qualification (D) assertion supported by evidence (E) analysis of the ideas of others
A, accumulation of detail
The effect of italicizing the words "nothing, nothing"(line13) is to (A) emphasize Terry's sense of frustration (B) indicate a sarcastic tone (C) suggest the difficulty of writing great parts for actors (D) link a clear sense of purpose to success in writing (E) imply that Terry's weakness in writing is her tendency to exaggerate
A, emphasize Terry's sense of frustration
When the passage moves from the first paragraph to the second, it also moves from (A) overview to illustration (B) analysis to argumentation (C) narration of the past to analysis of the past (D) assertion to definition (E) objective presentation to adhominem argument
A, overview to illustration
Which of the following best describes the effect of the rhetorical questions in the last paragraph (lines 66-74) ? (A) They frame issues to facilitate scientific investigation. (B) They call attention to the uncertainty of the outcome. (C) They emphasize each individual's responsibility to take action. (D) They suggest that the answers to the questions are already known. (E) They reassure readers that the problem is being addressed.
B, They call attention to the uncertainty of the outcome.
Compared with that of the rest of the passage, the diction of lines 1-8 ("Climatologists . . . survived") is (A) informal and straightforward (B) technical and specialized (C) subjective and impressionistic (D) speculative and uncertain (E) understated and euphemistic
B, technical and specialized
The author mentions the Latter-Day Pamphlets (lines 55-56) primarily to (A) provide an example of what is indisputably "good" (line 52) (B) identify the book that discusses "past men and past times" (line 54) (C) acknowledge some of the concerns held by the "plenty" (line 54) (D) justify Carlyle's desire for "an amendment of things" (line 57) (E) explain Carlyle's inspiration for the theory of the "'greatest man'" (line 58)
C) acknowledge some of the concerns held by the "plenty" (line 54)
Which frame of reference does the author primarily use to contextualize the passage? (A) Economic (B) Cultural (C) Historical (D) Political (E) Mystical
C, Historical
Which of the following best describes the images in the last sentence of the passage (lines 32-43) ? (A) A disdainful rehearsal of other people's experiences (B) A random listing of repulsive or frightening occurrences (C) A thorough review of absurd legends (D) A series of increasingly detailed and implausible events (E) A chronological account of major storms
D, A series of increasingly detailed and implausible events
Which of the following best describes how the thesis of the passage is conveyed? (A) It is stated explicitly at the beginning of the passage. (B) It begins as a simple statement but is quickly qualified. (C) It is expressed as a conclusion and supported by specific evidence. (D) It evolves and becomes more explicit as the passage develops. (E) It is presented as a concrete proposal for change.
D, It evolves and becomes more explicit as the passage develops.
Which stance does the author take in note 3 ? (A) The author praises the efforts of the United Nations to gather fishery data. (B) The author demands better record keeping from the global community. (C) The author explains the method the Republic of China used to estimate its production. (D) The author acknowledges possible inaccuracies in specific data but confirms their general trend. (E) The author cites other ecologists and asks them to help verify fishery data going forward.
D, The author acknowledges possible inaccuracies in specific data but confirms their general trend.
Lines 19-28 ("Early man . . . his favor") compare early man' s (A) physical strength with modern man's intelligence and reason (B) lack of awareness with modern man's knowledge and understanding (C) basic skills with modern man' s hunting prowess (D) wastefulness with modern man's conservation methods (E) simple tastes with modern man' s refined palate
B, lack of awareness with modern man's knowledge and understanding
In the last paragraph (lines 66-74), the author primarily asks (A) if conservation methods will continue to improve over the years (B) how much war has shaped the environmental landscape (C) whether humans have control over innate impulses (D) when scientists will be able to develop new sources of food (E) why humans alternate between selfishness and self-sacrifice
C, whether humans have control over innate impulses
53. Which rhetorical strategy does the author adopt in lines 44-63 ("The character . . . influences us") ? (A) She goes on the offensive, berating opponents of Carlyle for their absence of wisdom, judgment, and foresight. (B) She acknowledges but discredits other arguments, accusing Carlyle's critics of misunderstanding the originality of Carlyle's ideas. (C) She claims that most people do not recognize Carlyle's genius, suggesting that only a discerning few are capable of doing so. (D) She cites facts to counter opposition to Carlyle's eminence, claiming that all of Carlyle's judgments are unassailable. (E) She gives examples of Carlyle's far-reaching influence, noting that even criticism of Carlyle implies praise.
E, She gives examples of Carlyle's far-reaching influence, noting that even criticism of Carlyle implies praise.
What is the relationship of the second and third sentences (lines 2-5) to the first sentence (lines 1-2) ? (A) They are structurally less complex than the first. (B) They are expressed in less conditional terms than the first. (C) They introduce new ideas not mentioned in the first. (D) They clarify and expand on the first. (E) They question the generalization made in the first.
D, They clarify and expand on the first.
The author's attitude toward Terry can best be described as (A) superior and condescending (B) unbiased and dispassionate (C) sympathetic and admiring (D) curious and skeptical (E) conciliatory and forgiving
C, sympathetic and admiring
Lines 5-12 ("He is . . . noble action") contrast (A) the acquisition of skills and the possession of aptitude (B) the labor of reasoning and the exhilaration of acting (C) the dissemination of knowledge and the cultivation of intellectual and moral powers (D) the traits of practical students and those of creative thinkers (E) the benefits of learning and the rewards of teaching
C, the dissemination of knowledge and the cultivation of intellectual and moral powers
The passage implies that unlike hurricanes, tornadoes are not given human names because (A) there are too many of them (B) their destruction is not as great as that of hurricanes (C) they last too short a time (D) they move too erratically to be plotted (E) they can appear in any area of the world
C, they last too short a time
Which of the following is true of the comparisons in lines 11-14 ("they say . . . Philadelphia") ? (A) They emphasize the unpredictable nature of tornadoes. (B) They exaggerate the danger of tornadoes in order to make people cautious of them. (C) They use technical terminology in order to ensure accuracy of description. (D) They draw on familiar information to particularize an aspect of tornadoes. (E) They clarify the distinctions between the language of climatologists and that of weather casters.
D, They draw on familiar information to particularize an aspect of tornadoes.
Which of the following stylistic features is used most extensively in lines 25-30 ? (A) Inversion of normal subject/verb/object order (B) Repetition of sentence structure (C) Periodic sentence structure (D) Sentence fragments for emphasis (E) Use of connotative meanings that add complexity
B, Repetition of sentence structure
How does the author primarily characterize "humanity" in lines 7-15 ("This is . . . their poultry") ? (A) The author emphasizes the verb "glanced" to imply that humans behave in an erratic manner. (B) The author uses prepositions indicating scope and range to suggest that humans act omnipotently. (C) The author uses strong verbs such as "exploit"and"propagate"to assert that humans are wasteful. (D) The author repeats the same sentence structure to demonstrate how unimaginatively humans work. (E) The author highlights animal species by setting them off with dashes to show that humans admire them.
B, The author uses prepositions indicating scope and range to suggest that humans act omnipotently.
In line 1, "picture postcards" functions as a metaphor for the (A) published text of a play (B) audience's impressions of the actors' performances (C) critical reviews of plays (D) plays in which the actors in the company have previously performed (E) stage designer's sketches of sets and scenes
B, audience's impressions of the actors' performances
The author uses the phrase "On the same ground" (lines 12-13) to set up a comparison between (A) the aims of mathematics and those of education (B) conceptually powerful writers and exemplary educators (C) intellectual challenges faced by writers and those faced by readers (D) the formulation of solutions and the identification of problems (E) scientific writing and inspirational writing
B, conceptually powerful writers and exemplary educators
In context, the reference to "'The Great Reprieve' " (line 61) emphasizes a time when (A) humans realized that fish could help them care for the environment (B) humans recognized the destructive power they hold (C) the oceans underwent a number of climate-related changes (D) a marked contrast existed between the fates of fish and humans (E) a notable change took place in the food preferences of humans
D, a marked contrast existed between the fates of fish and humans
The main purpose of note 1 is to (A) provide information about the author's full- length book (B) name a book that references the author's argument in the passage (C) refer the reader to a perspective different from that of the author (D) cite a source that the author used to research animal domestication (E) draw attention to a seminal work in the field of environmental activism
D, cite a source that the author used to research animal domestication
On the basis of the first paragraph, Thomas Carlyle is best characterized as a writer who is (A) ambitious, seeking to increase the number of people buying his books (B) revolutionary, agitating his readers to adopt a radically new worldview (C) charismatic, enticing his readers to support his views and beliefs (D) provocative, compelling his readers to reach their own conclusions (E) masterful, overpowering his readers with a sense of awe and veneration
D, provocative, compelling his readers to reach their own conclusions
The author uses World War II as an example of how (A) the media spread misleading information about the health of the wild fish population (B) stable the wild fish population has remained throughout most of the twentieth century (C) rapidly wild fish are able to evolve in response to climate change (D) technological advances can increase the number of wild fish caught (E) a temporary interruption in fishing can help the wild fish population regenerate
E, a temporary interruption in fishing can help the wild fish population regenerate
The primary purpose of the passage is to (A) suggest that the domestication of fish and animals may be humanity's most practical plan (B) challenge humans to cultivate a sustainable relationship with their wild food sources (C) argue that wild fish is preferable to farm- raised fish for dietary and ecological reasons (D) examine the difficulty of farming enough fish to supplement the wild population (E) propose rotating the harvest of different species to repopulate the world's supply of fish
B, challenge humans to cultivate a sustainable relationship with their wild food sources
Which of the following statements is best sup- ported by information given in the passage? (A) Terry never focused on one career; she was skilled at so many things that she did not excel in any one thing. (B) Terry was so clever an actress that her portrayal of a role seemed to change every night. (C) Shaw encouraged Terry to become a play- wright by carefully tutoring her in creating plots and characters. (D) Because Terry lacked confidence in certain of her skills, she never fully realized she was a person of rare talents and gifts. (E) Because Terry did not have natural talent for either writing or acting, she struggled to learn her crafts and became great through sheer willpower.
D, Because Terry lacked confidence in certain of her skills, she never fully realized she was a person of rare talents and gifts.
54. What purpose do lines 63-74 ("You may . . . own feeling") serve? (A) They contrast the appeal of a writer who merely confirms his readers' views with that of a writer who boldly challenges them. (B) They develop an analogy between the kinds of individuals people are attracted to and the kinds of writing they prefer. (C) They challenge the idea that writers modify their ideas to appeal to a wide range of readers. (D) They examine whether relationships based on shared ideas and interests are rewarding to both parties. (E) They provide examples from various writers in which the appearance of good and evil is deceptive.
E, They provide examples from various writers in which the appearance of good and evil is deceptive.
