2208 Ch1 P1
you could say that architecture tells you ______ and organization tells you _______
-architecture tells you what a computer does -organization tells you how it does it
what is the von Neumann model
-instructions are executed sequentially (goes line by line) -are still able to branch (ex. by using if statements)
what is the parallel computer model
-reflects different ways of processors interconnection (based on shared memory, distributed memory with message passing, or a hybrid of the two) -if you have multiple processors, they could share memory (they could each have their own memory but still need to communicate)
what are the two types of RAM memory
-static RAM (cache memory) -dRMA (dynamic ram)
house example - which parts are abstract/architecture and which parts are physical/organization
-the plan for the house is abstract -the civil engineer how decides how to implement the plan is physical (ex. if there is a window, there are many different ways to build a window)
what are the two ways that an ISA can define the model of a computer
-traditional sequential computer model (von Neumann model) -parallele computer model
ex. of an ISA having different organizations
-you want to build a house, you go to different architects
what type of entity is ISA
an abstract entity
the more _____, the better and faster the computer is
cache
what do modern microprocessors/CPUs usually include
cache memory on-chip
what is a general-purpose computer
can be programmed to solve any problem -ex. a laptop
what does the cpu do (and what does it stand for)
central processing unit -reads instructions and executes them
with organization and architecture/ISA, which one do computer manufacturers modify and which ones do they keep constant
computer manufacturers regularly modify the organization of a processor while keeping its ISA essentially constant
what does the computer's assembly language embody and what does this mean
computer's assembly language embodies its ISA -means that assembly language is how you access its ISA (its register set, instruction set, and addressing modes)
computers are either _____ or ______
computers are either dedicated or general-purpose
ex of different architecture of a watch
digital vs analog
what is an abstract entity
doesn't consider the specific design or implementation of a computer
what does dRAM stand for
dynamic ram
is it easier to change the architecture or organization
easier to change organization -changing architecture takes a lot of time, so you should try to be as static as possible with architecture
when you buy a computer, is it more important to have a good processor or good memory
good memory, but both are still important
what is cache memory
high-speed
what is the instruction set
holds the instructions to write assembly -we have addition, subtraction, multiplication, possible division, compare, etc
what is the addressing mode
how to get information from the memory
what is the practical difference between a register and a word in memory
registers are located within the cpu which means that it can be accessed more rapidly than other memories
from what point of view does the ISA define the model of a computer from
the programmer view point
how does the cpu communicate with memory
through highways
are registers expensive or cheap
very expensive
what model does general-purpose computers follow
von Neumann model (processor reads it line by line)
can an ISA have more than one organization
yes, any given ISA can have many different organizations
is there a specific memory for the program or data in a dedicated computer
yes, it would already be hardwired into the computer by the manufacturer
what are the 4 overall types of memory
1. secondary 2. main 3. cache 4. register
currently, most computers either have __________ or _________ registers
21-bit or 64-bit wide registers
if program is part of the input to a computer, what type of computer is it
a general purpose computer
what is the register
a memory element that holds a single unit of data (a word of data)
how is a register specified
in terms of the number of bits it holds, which is typically 8, 16, 32, or 64
where is the fastest memory in a computer
in the register set
in theory, architecture and organization are ______ - what does this mean
in theory, architecture and organization are orthogonal -this means that they are entirely independent
what is a computer characterized by
its instruction set architecture (ISA)
today, what is a computer's organization often referred to as
microarchitecture
what another term for the cpu
microprocessor
what is the fundamental difference between a register and a word in memory
no fundamental difference
if you were rich, would it make sense to have a computer with a super large number of reigsters
no, because you would need more bits to select the register, and the time it takes to select the register would basically cancel out the speed of the register
is there a specific memory for the program or data in a general purpose computer
no, that program is an input
what is a dedicated computer
solves only one class of problems (which cannot be changed) -ex. a computer in a calculator, a cruise speed control, or a washing machine
what is the ISA concerned with
the computer's register set, instruction set, and addressing nodes
the term 'computer' describes
the entire system
what is computer organization concerned with
the implementation of an ISA -everything is physical