2.2.3 and 2.2.4 Quiz

The cycle would not be able to function at all. Meaning, without glucose, there is no ATP or ADP, which would end all cellular processes such as synthesis, movement, and active

if there was no glucose, what would happen to the ATP-ADP cycle?

adenosine triphosphate

is the human body's gasoline. It is the short term energy compound that powers all metabolic reactions.

glycerol and fatty acids

lipids building blocks

Are used for long term energy storage; make up cell membranes

lipids function

Butter Oreo Biscuit

lipids in Anna's diet

calorimeters

measure of the number of calories in a piece of food; determined by measuring the increase in temperature of water due to the heat given off by the burning food.

2 food to energy process

molecules absorbed through the small intestine

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphate. (CHONP)

nucleic acids are made of

nucleotides

nucleic acids building blocks

Carry genetic information such as DNA, which carries the code to make proteins.

nucleic acids function

carbohydrate, or glucose

preferred macromolecule to use as an energy source

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen (CHON)

proteins are made of

amino acids (20 in all)

proteins building block

do most of the work in cells, and are needed for the structure, function and regulation of the body's tissues and organs.

proteins function

Egg Whites Salmon Filet Cheddar Cheese Whole Milk

proteins in Anna's diet

dehydration synthesis

remove water to add two particles together

3 food to energy process

travel via circulatory system to all regions of the body.

how can all proteins be different if there are only 20 different amino acids

unique structure, or sequence

relationship between the food we eat and energy in the body.

when we eat food, our food is broken down and our stored energy is released throughout the body and used as energy, or ATP. Our everyday actions are powered by the food we eat.

saturated triglycerides

which exhibit a straight shape, only have one fatty acid. That lets them be so tightly packed. Solid at room temp

calorie

-amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water 1° C when a food is burned.

They have different amounts of C,H,O which result in different shapes. Lipids have hydrocarbon chains with glycerol so they are linear, and carbohydrates have monosaccharide carbon rings.

How can you tell a lipid from a carbohydrate?

calorimetry

Process by which the number of calories in a piece of food is determined. By measuring the increase in temperature of a known volume of water when a portion of the food is burned.

they aren't made up of the same monomers; lipids are made up of hydrocarbon chains and glycerol

Why aren't lipids considered polymers?

unsaturated triglycerides.

are curved, contain more fatty acids tails, and contain at least one double bond, which doesn't allow them to be tightly packed. Liquid at room temp

monosaccharides

carbohydrate building block

Provide short term energy through simple sugars. Regulates blood glucose.

carbohydrates function

4 food to energy process

cells in bodily tissues capture energy as food molecules are broken into small molecules with the help of oxygen.

1 food to energy process

digestive system mechanically and chemically breaks down food into component molecules.

Hydrolysis

divide particles using water

3 glucose travel process

glucose molecules travel to the body's cells cellular respiration makes adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

2 glucose travel process

glucose, is absorbed into the bloodstream from the small intestine

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (CHO)

Carbohydrates and lipids are made of

1 glucose travel process

Carbohydrates are broken down into their component sugar molecules through hydrolysis.

Whole wheat toast cheddar cheese pepperoni pizza

Carbohydrates in Anna's diet