2SW AP Biology Retest

simple cuboidal epithelium cells line the ducts of certain human exocrine glands. Various materials are transported into or out of the cells diffusion.

10um, smallest cube

A net movement of water into the beaker occurs in which of the following dialysis tubes?

6

Which of the following best describes the numbered areas?

Areas 1 and 3 are polar, since the membrane molecules are aligned with water molecules

Intact cells of two unknown cell types were placed into solutions with different concentrations of NaCl. Type I cells swelled and burst in the solution with the lowest concentration of NaCl. Type II cells swelled but did not burst in the solution with the lowest concentration of NaCl. Which of the following descriptions of Cell Type I and Cell Type II are most consistent with the data?

Cell Type 1- Animal cell surrounded by a plasma membrane only

Which of the following statements best supports the claim that certain organelles within eukaryotic cells evolved from free-living prokaryotic cells?

Some organelles contain their own DNA that is more similar to prokaryotic DNA in structure and function than to the eukaryotic DNA found in the cell's nucleus.

The figure above represents a rough endoplasmic reticulum. Which of the following best describe the role of the structure labeled Y?

Structure Y is the location where proteins are synthesized.

Which of the following, if true about the drug, best supports the alternative hypothesis that the new drug will exhibit simple diffusion across plasma membrane?

The drug is small nonpolar molecule

The figure below illustrates a eukaryotic cell. Which of the following best describes how the three structures indicated by the arrows work together?

To synthesize and isolate proteins for secretion or for use in the cell

Which of the following best predicts which diagrammed microscope view the laboratory worker would see and best explains why?

View 2 because the rate of water movement into the RBCs equals the rate of water movement out of the cells

All of the following cell components are found in prokaryotic cells EXCEPT

nuclear envelope

Mitochondria are found in most eukaryotic cells and contain their own DNA and ribosomes that are similar to those typical of many prokaryotic cells. Which of the following statements is justified by these observations?

An ancestral cell most likely engulfed anaerobic prokaryote in a relationship that proved beneficial for both cells.

Simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion are related in that both

Depend on a concentration gradient

When a substance moves across the plasma membrane along a concentration gradient at a rate faster than would be expected by simple diffusion alone but without the expenditure of metabolic energy, the process is best described as

Facilitated diffusion

Which of the following best predicts the effect of not having ATP available to supply energy to this process?

H+ Ions will stop moving through the proteins

Which statement best explains why correct proteins folding is critical in the transmembrane protein shown above?

Interactions of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acids help to anchor the protein in the membrane

Which of the following statements is true regarding the movement of substances across cell membranes?

Ions are unable to move through the phospholipid bilayer because the nonpolar tail regions of the phospholipids are hydrophobic.

Changing the shape or morphology of the mitochondrial inner membrane can change the efficiency of the mitochondrial function. Which of the following outcomes will most likely result from a change in the shape of the mitochondrial inner membrane from a highly folded surface to a smooth, flat surface?

Mitochondria will become less efficient because the surface area of the inner mitochondrial membranes will decrease

The manner in which several different ions and molecules move through a cell membrane is shown in the diagram above. For each ion or molecules, the relative concentration on each side of the membrane is indicated. Which of the following accurately describes of the movements taking place?

Na+ transport out of the cell requires ATP hydrolysis

Membrane-bound organelles have been an important component in the evolution of complex, multicellular organisms. Which of the following best summarizes an advantage of eukaryotic cells having internal membranes?

Organelles isolate specific reactions, increasing metabolic efficiency.

If ATP breakdown (hydrolysis) is inhibited, which of the following types of movement across cell membranes is also inhibited?

Passage of a solution against its concentration gradient

Which of the following statements best explains the processes of passive and active transport?

Passive transport is the net movement of substances down a concentration gradient that does not require metabolic energy. Active transport is the movement of substances up a concentration gradient that requires energy.

A prokaryotic cell has which of the following?

Plasma membrane

Which of the following components of the cell membrane is responsible for active transport?

Proteins

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells generally have which of the following features in common?

Ribosomes

Cells contain smaller components called organelles that are necessary for a cell's survival. Which of the following functional differences between the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum is explained by the structural differences between them?

Rough ER can synthesize and package proteins for export, and smooth ER cannot.

Figure 1 Shows a model engulfing a smaller cell. Which of the following provides evidence to best support the researchers' claim?

That organelle has a double membrane

Which statements correctly indicated the cell that is able to more efficiently exchange materials with the external environment and provides a correct explanation?

The bacterial cell, because it has the largest surface-to-volume ratio

Intravenous (IV) solutions administered to patients are normally isotonic. Which of the following is most likely if an IV of distilled water is administered to a patient?

The cells that are exposed to hypotonic solutions will expand as water moves osmotically into the cells from the blood.

Based on the model, the newly synthesized protein is transported directly from the endoplasmic reticulum to which the following?

The golgi complex

Muscle cells have high ATP demands. Which of the following is a scientific claim about how the structure of the mitochondria in muscle cells should be different than it is in other cells because of the high energy demands of mitochondria?

The inner membrane of the mitochondria in muscle cells should have more folds to increase the surface area, allowing more ATP to be synthesized.

Figure 1. The results of an experiment using aquatic plant cells Which of the following statements best explains the observations represented in Figure 1?

There was a net movement of water out of the cell suspended in the sugar solution and a net movement of water into the cell suspended in the distilled water

Which statement best describes the effect on water transport across the cell membrane if the aquaporin in the figure ceases to function?

Water molecules will still be able to move across the cell membrane but at a slower rate