2x2 table

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(EER-CER)/CER (intervention)

relative benefit increase (RBI)

(CER - EER)/CER (intervention)

relative risk reduction (RRR)

(a/a+b)/(c/c+d) (prognostic)

risk ratio

OR <1 for an adverse outcome (prognostic)

Odds against adverse outcome; prognostic factor is protective

c+d (diagnostic)

all participants who test negative

a+b (diagnostic)

all participants who test positive

a+c (diagnostic)

all participants with the condition

b+d (diagnostic)

all participants without the condition

c/(c+d) (intervention)

control event rate

a/(a+b) (intervention)

experimental event rate

1-sensitivity

false negative rate

c (diagnostic)

false negatives

1-specifity

false positive rate

b (diagnostic)

false positives

CER measures (intervention)

frequency of event (outcome of interest) in control group

EER measures (intervention)

frequency of event (outcome of interest) in the experimental group

LR- measures

likelihood that a negative result is observed in a person without the condition

LR+ measures

likelihood that a positive result is observed in a person with the condition

(1-sensitivity)/specificity

negative likelihood ratio

1/ABI (intervention)

number needed to treat (NNT)

1/ARR (intervention)

number needed to treat (NNT)

OR <1 for a positive outcome (prognostic)

odds against positive outcome; prognostic factor is harmful

OR >1 for an adverse outcome (prognostic)

odds favor the adverse outcome

OR >1 for a positive outcome (prognostic)

odds favor the positive outcome

(a/b)/(c/d); (ad)/(bc) (prognostic)

odds ratio

sensitivity/(1-specificity)

positive likelihood ratio

a/a+b (diagnostic)

positive predictive value

d/b+d (diagnostic)

specifity

odds ratio measures (prognostic)

the odds that somebody with the prognostic factor will develop the condition of interest

SnNout

with high sensitivity, a negative test rules out the diagnosis

SpPin

with high specificity, a positive test rules in the diagnosis

d/c+d (diagnostic)

Negative predictive value

NPV measures

ability to determine the actual proportion of people who don't have the condition based on a negative test

PPV measures

ability to determine the actual proportion of people with the condition based on a positive test

EER-CER (intervention)

absolute benefit increase (ABI)

CER-EER (intervention)

absolute risk reduction (ARR)

sensitivity measures

the test's ability to find true positives

d (diagnostic)

true negatives

a (diagnostic)

true positives

a/a+c (diagnostic)

sensitivity

specifity measures

the test's ability to find true negatives


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