3200 Exam 1 HW and TH

EX. when the perceiver experiences feelings of failure or loss of control.

"I can't believe I failed my midterm exam!"

EX. when The perceiver depends on another person for a desired outcome.

"I wonder why my manager made that commend about my expense account?"

EX when an unexpected event occurs

"I've never seen him behave that way. I wonder what's going on?"

EX when The perceiver has been asked an explicit question about another's behavior.

"why did she do that?"

Match each limitation of goal setting to the possible solution. 1. Rewarding wrong behaviors 2. Overcommitted or unfocused 3. Lacking appropriate skills and knowledge Solutions: A. Minimize distractions B. Be aware of practice limitations and mindful of implementation1 C. Training sessions

1. B 2. A 3. C

What are the stages of the Model of Goal Setting

1. Challenge 2. Moderators 3. Mediators 4. Performance 5. Rewards 6. Satisfaction/consequences

Fill in the blanks below about reinforcements and rewards. 1.______ is a suggestion that results in quality improvements and can be used to reinforce positive behavior. 2.______ is a type of reinforcement that repeats an unpleasant event until an employee performs or ceases a certain behavior. 3.______ is the removal of all reinforcing events.

1. Kaizen 2. Negative reinforcement 3. Extinction

Put Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs in order, starting with the most fundamental or basic to higher-order needs.

1. Physiological 2. Safety 3. Social 4. Esteem 5. Self-actualization

Fill in the blanks below in this paragraph describing various personality factors. A belief that an individual is worthwhile and deserving is reflected in their 1. ______ , which is generally categorized under the dimension of 2. ________ among the Big Five personality factors. Individuals with high self-esteem are likely to take 3. ________ in selecting a job or vocation, and are received more favorably by 4. ________ when seeking out jobs. The extent to which a person believes that their fate is in their own hands is known as their 5._______, which is considered part of the 6. ________. Options: Locus of control Risk Self-esteem conscientiousness recruiters emotional stability

1. Self-esteem 2. emotional stability 3. risks 4. recruiters 5. locus of control 6. conscientiousness

Rory approached her job interview with incredible optimism. Her father had worked for the same company, and she had very warm feelings towards it (__1__). Her father had enjoyed a steady stream of promotions in his career and had been encouraged to go to school at night to get an MBA, so she reasoned that the company would respond positively to her own educational goals (__2__). When the interviewer called her name in the lobby, she practically leapt out of her chair because she could not wait to make her case (__3__). Options: Cognitive Behavioral Affective

1. affective 2. cognitive 3. behavioral

Goal 1_____ refers to an individual's determination to reach a goal, which can sometimes overcome deficiencies in 2_____. Achieving a goal is more likely if it is made 3_____. Options commitment publicly privately setting ability

1. commitment 2. ability 3. publicly

List the steps in the perceptual process in order

1. objects in the person's environment 2. observation 3. perceptual selection 4. perceptual organization 5. interpretation 6. response

Distinguish the following as either an individual characteristic or process: 1. Decision Making 2. Motivation 3. Demographic attributes 4. personality

1. process 2. process 3. characteristic 4. characteristic

When goals are 1____ and clear, performance will tend to be 2_____. Difficult and 3_____ goals will also translate to 4_____ performance. When goals are rejected by employees, or unrelated to 5_____, performance will be 6______. Options (use one twice) higher lower challenging rewards specific

1. specific 2. higher 3. challenging 4. higher 5. rewards 6. lower

Which among the following are examples of unconditioned responses? 1. Contemplating which door to open first 2. Jumping at the sound of a gunshot 3. Quickly withdrawing your hand from a hot surface 4. Salivating at the sight of a lemon

2, 3, 4

Identifying behaviors that will lead to improved performance and selecting the appropriate models for employees to observe are guidelines for using ______ theory. Options 1. Classical conditioning 2. Operant conditioning 3. Social learning

3

Which step in the attribution process (antecedent, attribution or consequences) best describes each of the following term: Information

Antecedent

Which step in the attribution process (antecedent, attribution or consequences) best describes each of the following term: Motivation

Antecedent

Which step in the attribution process (antecedent, attribution or consequences) best describes each of the following term: Perceived causes of behavior

Attribution

A _____ is an outline that explains the expected ethical behavior of employees.

Code of Ethics

Which step in the attribution process (antecedent, attribution or consequences) best describes each of the following term: Behavior

Consequences

Which step in the attribution process (antecedent, attribution or consequences) best describes each of the following term: Expectations

Consequences

Maria wants to book at least three more home parties because if she reaches her goal of ten parties, the company will give her four-day vacation to Bermuda. What type of motivation does this demonstrate?

Extrinsic

T/F this is an attribute of organizations "Decision making in organizations is orderly and within individual control."

False

T/F this is an attribute of organizations "Organizational climate teaches employees what is expected of them."

False

A _____ plan gives all employees a minimum level of benefits and a set amount to spend on flexible benefits, such as additional healthcare or vacation time.

Fixed

Blake can't understand why his friend Justin always plays the lottery since Blake believes a person's good fortune is a direct result of that person's hard work and not the result of fate or chance, Blake has a

High internal locus of control

Which of the following items are NOT a facet of job satisfaction: -Security -Pay -Supervision -Hope -Growth

Hope

Understanding what it means when a person defensively folds their arms in front of themselves, while listening to a contrary point, is an example of which skill? - Empathy - Using the questioning skill - Interpreting nonverbal communication - Engaging in active listening

Interpreting nonverbal communication

What is considered the primary influence over worker motivation?

Job design

_____ means to enhance a job by adding more meaningful tasks to make the employee's work more rewarding.

Job enrichment

Which of the following is NOT among the Big Five Personality Factors? -Openness -Neuroticism -Conscientiousness -Kindness

Kindness

______ occurs when an unpleasant event that precedes the employee behavior is removed when the desired behavior occurs

Negative reinforcement

____ is a type of job evaluation method in which individual jobs are evaluated in relation to every other job, based on a ranking system, and an overall score is given for each job, determining the highest-valued job to the lowest-valued job

Paired comparison method

_____ is a type of job evaluation method in which individual jobs are evaluated in relation to every other job, based on a ranking system, and an overall score is given for each job, determining the highest-valued job to the lowest-valued job.

Paired comparison method

The ____ occurs when someone holds high expectations of another person and that alone improves the individual's performance

Pygmalion effect

In job design, what entails breaking down tasks to their simplest components and assigning them to employees so that each person would perform few tasks in a repetitive manner?

Specialization

_____ is defined as a process for identifying and developing internal people who have the potential for filling positions.

Succession planning

The belief that employees enjoy work, accept responsibility, and exercise self-direction is endorsed by _____.

Theory Y

T/F In the past, human resources played more of an administrative role as opposed to a strategic one.

True

T/F this is an attribute of organizations "To be effective, employees must clearly understand their jobs and the design of the organization."

True

Conducting a series of random inspections throughout the year is an example of: Fixed interval scheduled Variable ratio schedule Variable interval schedule Fixed ratio schedule

Variable interval schedule

_____ organizations are characterized by their lack of physical locations such that all employees work from home or a location of their choice to help in cost containment.

Virtual

Which of the following is NOT an aspect of the SMART goal system a. goals should be motivating to the employee b. goals should specify target dates for completion c. goals should support the organization's mission d. goals should be stated in precise terms

a. Goals should be motivating to the employee

An employee determines the outcome fairness of a conflict to be consistent when it is consistently:

applied across other persons and periods of time

Which of the following statements regarding goal setting is FALSE? a. Goal setting doesn't work when employees lack the skills and ability to perform at a high level b. Effective goal setting eliminates the problem of rewarding the wrong behaviors c. Goal setting takes longer when employees are given complicated tasks that require a considerable amount of time d. Goal setting has often been shown to increase performance in a variety of settings

b. Effective goal setting eliminates the problem of rewarding the wrong behaviors

individual characteristics

beliefs, values, and personality

Which of the following pay level models is appropriate for a company if market pressures or labor supply-and-demand pressures greatly impact the company? a. Broadbanding b.Delayering and banding c. Going rate model d. Management fit model

c. going rate model

The process by which individuals learn to link the information from a neutral stimulus to a stimulus that causes a response is called

classical conditioning

Which of these is NOT a component of the Job characteristics model? a. task identity b. autonomy c. job feedback d. congruence

congruence

Which step in the attribution process (antecedent, attribution or consequences) best describes each of the following term: Feelings

consequences

Cameron will only receive a bonus if he refers new customers. this is an example of

contingent reinforcement

Which of the following is an example of indirect turnover costs? a. cost of leaving b. administration hiring costs c. replacement costs d. loss of production

d. loss of production

distributive justice

deals with outcome fairness

Procedural justice

deals with the degree to which fair decision-making processes are being used

interactional justice

deals with the degree to which people are treated with respect, kindness, and dignity

autonomy

degree to which the person has the freedom to decide how to perform tasks

group/team processes

development, leadership, and conflict

The conclusion drawn from the Hawthorne studies was that worker output increased dramatically because:

employees received attention and felt valued (intrinsic motivation)

Which model of motivation is based on the idea that individuals are motivated to work when they believe that they can achieve things they want from their jobs?

expectancy model

power distance

extent to which individuals in a society accept status and power inequalities

The two key attributes of challenging goals are

goal clarity and goal difficulty

The primary focus of retention plans is to outline strategies that:

help a company reduce turnover and address employee motivation

____ are given for meeting certain performance standards, such as meeting sales targets.

incentives

In general equity model, _____ are what an individual contributes to an exchange

inputs

Which of the following represents an external factor that affects perception a. personality b. intensity c. motivation d. learning

intensity

Caroline wasn't sure if her coworker was serious or joking when he said their department should boycott the next management meeting if they aren't guaranteed a pay raise. Which stage of the perception process is Caroline using?

interpretation

When deciding on an individual-based program, we should act IF

managers can measure performance objectively, and if employee turnover is high.

Following a _____ is to pay the going rate for a particular job, within a particular market based on research and salary studies.

market compensation policy

What links one's performance to the challenge of attaining a goal?

mediators

the level to which Natalie identifies with her company and the strength of her involvement in the company can be defined as her

organizational commitment

Contextual influences

organizational identity and climate

Which among the following is the most powerful influence on behavior? Supervisor expectations Compensation Self-efficacy Past experience

past experience

Mollie is looking through her files to find an employee who would be suitable for a three-year overseas assignment. What important personality trait should she take into consideration?

patience

The process of setting the pay scale for specific jobs or types of jobs is called _____.

pay grading

A culture high on individualism would emphasize

personal achievement

The set of physical attributes that captures the unique nature of a person is referred to as

personality

Implicit personality theory demonstrates a relationship between a person's _____ and personality

physical characteristics

In a(n) _____ system, employees are paid based on the number of items that are produced.

piecework

According to the ____, people process pleasant events more efficiently and accurately than they do unpleasant events

pollyanna principle

People processing pleasant events more efficiently and accurately than they do unpleasant events is an example of:

pollyanna principle

People with a(n)____ personality tend to take personal initiatives across a range of activities and situations.

proactive

task identity

refers to the degree to which the person completes a piece of work from start to finish

feedback

refers to the degree to which the person learns how effective he or she is at work

Skill variety

refers to the extent to which the job requires a person to utilize multiple high-level skills.

task significance

refers to whether a person's job substantially affects other people's work, health, or well-being

Danielle isn't that interested in doing the project because she feels like since everyone else in the group works in a different department, her opinions won't be respected. Which component of self-determination theory is Danielle struggling with? a. projection b. competence c. relatedness d. autonomy

relatedness

attitudes

relatively lasting feelings, thoughts, and behaviors

There personality dimension of ____ depends on life experiences such as the opportunity to achieve one's goals, the ability to influence others, and having a clear sense of being valued by others

self-esteem

If an organization has a particularly low budget to be used for employee training, which reward system would be least appropriate a. informal reward programs b. skill-based pay systems c. profit-sharing programs d. flexible benefit programs

skill-based pay systems

A _____ is one in which the employee receives no base pay and entire pay is based on meeting sales goals.

straight commission plan

Terry wants to perfect his breaststroke; he spends time watching videos of Michael Phelps swimming so he can observe his breaststroke technique. Terry is engaging in

symbolizing

Organizational behavior, as a field, is characterized by a(n) __ approach.

systems

Impression management normally begins during:

the interview process

organizational commitment

the strength of an employee's involvement in an organization and identification with a job

locus of control

the tendency for people to assume that they either have control or do not have control over events and consequences in their lives

interpersonal processes

trust, justice, and power/politics

_____ refers to the number of employees who leave a company in a particular period of time.

turnover

The premise behind operant conditioning is the learning of _____ behavior

voluntary

What is hope

willpower + waypower