3280 Unit 1 Practice Questions

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Apoptosis is a process that results in cellular

death

In general, with aging, organ size and function

decrease

The primary effect of aging on all body systems is

decreased functional reserve

The cellular change that is considered preneoplastic is

dysplasia

Repolarization of a neuron after a depolarizing action potential is because of

efflux of potassium.

A disease that is native to a particular region is called

endemic

Cell-to-cell communication through secretion of chemical signals into the bloodstream to target cells throughout the body is called _______ signaling

endocrine

An increase in organ size and function caused by increased workload is termed

hypertrophy

The effects of excessive cortisol production include

immune suppression

Persistence of the alarm stage will ultimately result in

permanent damage and death

A 17-year-old college-bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes meningitis. This is an example of

primary prevention.

Indicators that an individual is experiencing high stress include all the following except

pupil constriction.

The benefit of glycolysis is that this second stage of catabolism supplies

pyruvate to the citric acid cycle

Carbon monoxide injures cells by

reducing oxygen level on hemoglobin

A patient with high blood pressure who is otherwise healthy is counseled to restrict sodium intake. This is an example of

secondary prevention.

An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-calorie diet and exercise program. This is an example of

secondary prevention.

After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a cholesterol-lowering medication. This is an example of

tertiary prevention.

Allostasis is best defined as

the overall process of adaptive change necessary to maintain survival and well-being

The resting membrane potential in nerve and skeletal muscle is determined primarily by

the ratio of intracellular to extracellular potassium ions

Metaplasia is

the replacement of one differentiated cell type with another

Excitable cells are able to conduct action potentials because they have

voltage-gated channels

Necrotic death of brain tissue usually produces _______ necrosis

liquefactive

Which is not normally secreted in response to stress?

Insulin

All the following stress-induced hormones increase blood glucose except

aldosterone

Selye's three phases of the stress response include all the following except

allostasis.

Phospholipids spontaneously form lipid bilayers, because they are

amphipathic

The primary adaptive purpose of the substances produced in the alarm stage is

energy and repair

Coagulative necrosis is caused by

interrupted blood supply

The cellular response indicative of injury because of faulty metabolism is

intracellular accumulations

Reperfusion injury to cells

involves formation of free radicals

A patient has been exposed to meningococcal meningitis, but is not yet demonstrating signs of this disease. This stage of illness is called the ________ stage.

latent

The effect of stress on the immune system

may involve enhancement or impairment the immune system

The organelle that contains enzymes necessary for oxidative phosphorylation to produce ATP is the

mitochondria

All these cellular responses are potentially reversible except

necrosis

Many of the responses to stress are attributed to activation of the sympathetic nervous system and are mediated by

norepinephrine

Somatic death refers to death

of the entire organism

The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are well established, is referred to as

subclinical

Ribosomes are very important organelles within the cell that have the function of

synthesizing proteins

Ion channels open and close in response to all the following except

temperature changes


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