3280 Unit 1 Practice Questions
Apoptosis is a process that results in cellular
death
In general, with aging, organ size and function
decrease
The primary effect of aging on all body systems is
decreased functional reserve
The cellular change that is considered preneoplastic is
dysplasia
Repolarization of a neuron after a depolarizing action potential is because of
efflux of potassium.
A disease that is native to a particular region is called
endemic
Cell-to-cell communication through secretion of chemical signals into the bloodstream to target cells throughout the body is called _______ signaling
endocrine
An increase in organ size and function caused by increased workload is termed
hypertrophy
The effects of excessive cortisol production include
immune suppression
Persistence of the alarm stage will ultimately result in
permanent damage and death
A 17-year-old college-bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes meningitis. This is an example of
primary prevention.
Indicators that an individual is experiencing high stress include all the following except
pupil constriction.
The benefit of glycolysis is that this second stage of catabolism supplies
pyruvate to the citric acid cycle
Carbon monoxide injures cells by
reducing oxygen level on hemoglobin
A patient with high blood pressure who is otherwise healthy is counseled to restrict sodium intake. This is an example of
secondary prevention.
An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-calorie diet and exercise program. This is an example of
secondary prevention.
After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a cholesterol-lowering medication. This is an example of
tertiary prevention.
Allostasis is best defined as
the overall process of adaptive change necessary to maintain survival and well-being
The resting membrane potential in nerve and skeletal muscle is determined primarily by
the ratio of intracellular to extracellular potassium ions
Metaplasia is
the replacement of one differentiated cell type with another
Excitable cells are able to conduct action potentials because they have
voltage-gated channels
Necrotic death of brain tissue usually produces _______ necrosis
liquefactive
Which is not normally secreted in response to stress?
Insulin
All the following stress-induced hormones increase blood glucose except
aldosterone
Selye's three phases of the stress response include all the following except
allostasis.
Phospholipids spontaneously form lipid bilayers, because they are
amphipathic
The primary adaptive purpose of the substances produced in the alarm stage is
energy and repair
Coagulative necrosis is caused by
interrupted blood supply
The cellular response indicative of injury because of faulty metabolism is
intracellular accumulations
Reperfusion injury to cells
involves formation of free radicals
A patient has been exposed to meningococcal meningitis, but is not yet demonstrating signs of this disease. This stage of illness is called the ________ stage.
latent
The effect of stress on the immune system
may involve enhancement or impairment the immune system
The organelle that contains enzymes necessary for oxidative phosphorylation to produce ATP is the
mitochondria
All these cellular responses are potentially reversible except
necrosis
Many of the responses to stress are attributed to activation of the sympathetic nervous system and are mediated by
norepinephrine
Somatic death refers to death
of the entire organism
The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are well established, is referred to as
subclinical
Ribosomes are very important organelles within the cell that have the function of
synthesizing proteins
Ion channels open and close in response to all the following except
temperature changes
