412 community final exam quizzes and EAQs
A nurse is using the technique of motivational interviewing when working with a client. Which of the following statements by the client indicates the client is ready to make the change?
"I am willing to change."
A nurse is implementing tertiary prevention strategies as part of the quality management process. Which of the following best describes a strategy the nurse would have used?
. After evaluation of response to an actual fire, new procedures implemented in the fire response protocol are distributed to employees.
In applying the developmental theory, a family nurse determines the developmental stage of the family based on
. Age of the eldest child
which blood glucose levels would the nurse identify as hypoglycemia?
68
There are five domains of social determinants of health in Healthy People 2030, including economic stability; education access and quality; health care access and quality; neighborhood and built environment; and social and community context. Examples of social determinants of health include
???
A client is using a primary prevention strategy to prevent infectious disease. Which of the following actions is the client most likely taking?
A client receives a tetanus booster every 10 years.
Which of the following best defines aggregate?
A collection of people who share one or more characteristics
A client who was diagnosed recently with early dementia is admitted to the hospital for a cute pain in the hip, and a total hip replacement surgery is scheduled. The client is oriented, alert, and responds appropriately when interviewed. The clients spouse asks that the team proceed with the surgery to provide pain relief for the client. How would the nurse respond?
Ask pt if a power of attorney for health care has been established
A nurse who is providing diabetes screening at a community clinic discovers that a new client has type 2 diabetes mellitus. The nurse provides counseling, refers the client to an endocrinologist for initial assessment and treatment, arranges for the client to see someone regarding financial assistance, contacts the mobile van to arrange transportation, and sets up a follow-up appointment. Which of the following types of service do these actions represent?
Case Managemen
Which STD is the most common?
Chlamydia
Which of the following activities are considered to be part of the core competencies for public health professionals?
Defining variables relevant to current public health problems Obtaining and interpreting information regarding risks and benefits to the community
Which preventative and primary care service provided by a community health center is most expensive?
Disease management
When evaluating an educational program, the nurse discovers that only 25% of community members met the learning objectives. Which of the following parts of the program should be improved?
Educator
A member of a community weight-loss group has maintained a healthy weight for 2 years through healthy eating and daily exercise. Which of the following steps of the affective domain is this participant demonstrating?
Evaluation
A nurse is assessing a community's openness to change. Which of the following variables indicate that the community is ready?
High socioeconimic status in the community as a whole
A man says, "I just can't get myself to leave the house and go for a 30-minute walk each day. I wish I could think of some way to motivate myself." Which of the following would be the best action for the nurse to take?
Join a group that walks early each morning.
The leader of an Alzheimer's support group surveys the members of the group to determine the best time for the group to meet. Which of the following norms is being supported through this action?
Maintenance Norms
A nurse uses lecturing as the primary method of educating clients. Which part of the education process is missing?
Participation
A nurse is implementing a primary prevention activity to decrease the incidence of communicable disease. Which of the following actions is the nurse most likely taking?
Partnering with schoolteachers to teach and observe hand washing techniques in elementary school children
A nurse is working toward an objective to "increase to at least 90% the proportion of all pregnant women who receive first trimester prenatal care." During which of the following phases of the nursing process would determination of the objective occur?
Planning phase
Which of the following is a common factor typically found in those who abuse others?
Previous observations of violent behaviors to manage conflict
How is public health nursing different from commnunity health nursing?
Public health nursing focuses on a population
Family health can be defined as a dynamic, changing, relative state of well-being that includes the biological, psychological, sociological, cultural, and spiritual factors of a family system. This family health approach would best include which of the following underlying principles?
Simultaneous assessment of individual family members and the family system as a whole is important to family health Family functioning affects the health of individuals The individual's health affects family functioning
Six students order meals at a local restaurant. Which of the following students are at highest risk for illness?
The second student asks for a hamburger, very rare.
A student engages in unprotected sex under the influence of alcohol. The student decides to have an HIV test completed the next day. Which of the following results will most likely occur?
The test results won't be reliable so soon after exposure.
Which is the main focus of community health nursing?
To assess the health care needs of an individual or family???
Which of the following strategies should be used when providing educational programs for children?
Use objects to help increase their attention. Use simple words to enhance understanding.
Which of the following factors may lead to increased violence?
Violence shown in the media Feelings of powerlessness Living in a crowded environment
The advanced practice nurse explains that the client has an upper respiratory infection (URI) and suggests several measures that might make the client more comfortable. Which of the following best describes why the nurse doesn't just prescribe antibiotics as the client repeatedly requests?
Viral diseases are not affected by antibiotics. The more antibiotics are prescribed, the more infectious agents develop resistance to such drugs
Which of the following terms is used to describe aggregates who are at high risk for having poor health outcomes because of limited resources?
Vulnerable populations
A patient tells a nurse, "I know all about this already. I read about it on the Internet." The patient then summarizes what he has learned. Because some of this information seems incorrect, what questions would be effective for the nurse to ask?
Were you able find what you wanted easily on the website? Did the website say when the information was updated? Did the website state who was responsible for the information?
A registered nurse was just employed as a public health nurse. Which question would be the most relevant for the nurse to ask?
Which groups are the greatest risk for problems?
A student complains to the college health nurse that her academic work has been going downhill because of lack of sleep. "My 3-year-old probably misses her babysitter since she has started going to the big daycare center. She hasn't been sleeping well and keeps scratching her bottom. Hopefully, she'll adapt to daycare soon." Which of the following information should the nurse provide to the student?
Your daughter may have pinworms; let me teach you how to check for this."
A nurse in community health is conducting an assessment on a family of four. During the course of the assessment, the nurse collects information about previous generations of the family and siblings. The results are used to create a diagram for the family that displays the family unit across generations. Further discussions occur regarding the patterns of health and illness that relate to biological health risks. The diagram is called
a genogram
which reaction is an example of type 1 hypersenitivity reaction?
anaphylaxis
A particular chronic health problem that is a serious public health challenge and results in health complications that double medical costs is:
diabetes
Which of the following factors is causing nursing to change so quickly?
economic issues
What is the underlying science or area of study on which public health is based?
epidemiology
Elderly clients should be assessed for signs of abuse. The illegal use of a person for another person's profit is known as:
exploitation
Many employers, especially those paying low or minimum wage, do provide health care insurance for their employees.
false
The most common causes of preventable disease, disability, and death among children are
injuries and accidents
a client has cholelithiasis with possible obstruction of the common bile duct. Before surgery is scheduled which consideration would the nurse make when determining the clients nutritional status?
is the client deficient in vit A,D, and K
Which level of trauma center provides a full continuum of care for the trauma client?
level 1
Which of the following agencies are responsible for implementing and enforcing local, state, and federal public health codes and ordinances and providing essential public health programs to a community?
local health agencies
Which of the following best explains why evaluation of client outcomes resulting from nursing intervention is so difficult?
many other factors can also affect client outcomes
The current-day definition of family refers to two or more individuals who depend on one another for emotional, physical, and/or financial support. Which of the following is the most important principle to support this broader definition?
members of a family are self -defined
Which of the following statements are true regarding the health-related vulnerabilities of men?
men do not participate in health care at the same level as women fewer health services are emphasized for men men are less likely to be honest about their symptoms
Which of the following is a core competency required of public health nurses?
skill in developing policy and planning programs
The school nurse is interested in providing an anti-smoking program in a local middle school and is aware that programs are more effective for this age group when they focus on short-term versus long-term effects of smoking. Besides including health risks and cosmetic effects, the nurse should also consider:
social skills instruction to resist pressure to smoke
Given recent vaccine shortages for the flu, the local nurses in community health form a group to evaluate the process of scheduling and operating flu vaccination clinics in the community and review the community's complaints from the previous season. The activity best represents the principle of:
total quality management (TQM) to achieve continuous quality improvement (CQI)
People who are poor are more likely to live in dangerous environments, be underemployed or unemployed or work at high-risk jobs, eat less nutritious foods, and have many stressors
true
Which of the following statements, made by a caregiver of an older client, should alert the nurse to assess for evidence of elder abuse?
"Mom is always into something and can't seem to stay still, so I've been giving her half a Valium to get her to relax so I can get some rest."
Which of the following public health actions has been particularly instrumental in reducing childhood infectious diseases in the United States?
"No shots, no school" legislation, which legally requires children be immunized before school
An instructor is reviewing Salmonella infections with her class. Which of the following comments indicates that the student needs further review on how Salmonella is spread?
"Salmonella may be spread by spores that form once contaminated blood is exposed to the air."
A wealthy factory owner says, "I don't care about the poor. I just want the best care available for me and my family. Why should I care whether other people get health care or not?" Which of the following would be the most appropriate response by the nurse?
"Your personal insurance and tax costs will go up if your employees have to use community resources when they're ill."`
Nursing students have been assigned to set up a health fair for the homeless population in a large urban setting. Without any funds to pay for space, where should the health fair be located, assuming that all of the following sites are available at no cost?
. At the city's homeless shelter, which is, by policy, vacant during the day
Two nurses plan to walk under a huge downtown bridge where various homeless persons live. Why would the nurses go to such an unsafe area?
. To assess the needs of the homeless who live there
Which of the following components of the epidemiologic triangle contributes most to a female client developing a vaginal infection caused by fungi after successful treatment of her strep throat with antibiotics?
. environment
A nurse is providing an educational program about testicular self-examination (TSE). Which of the following would be the best learning objective for this program?
90% of the men will correctly demonstrate testicular self-examination.
Which of the following best describes community-based nursing?
A practice in which care is provided for individuals and families
A new nurse is overwhelmed with the needs of the community. Which of the following should be the first priority of the nurse?
A problem that is of high concern to the community
A group of teenagers with diabetes become upset and angry because they cannot agree on whether or not to have meetings during summer vacation. Which of the following should the nurse do to be effective in helping the teenagers resolve the conflict?
Admit that it is difficult for everyone to agree on everything; then ask whether the group can try to decide how to agree on the issue
Staff members have agreed to implement evidence-based practice; they have chosen a specific problem and searched the literature. The group has selected the interventions that seem the easiest to implement. Which of the following actions would the staff take next?
Assess the quality of the evidence in the literature
A nurse is familiar with evidence-based practice (EBP) and wants to implement it into the care of clients. Which of the following would present the biggest challenge?
Assessing one's current practice and accessing evidence-based resources
Which of the following actions best represents public health nursing?
Assessing the effectiveness of the high school health clinic
Making sure that essential community-oriented health services are available defines which of the core public health functions?
Assurance
A community health nurse is beginning to work with a newly assigned community. Which of the following would be appropriate actions for the nurse to take to help ensure acceptance?
Attending community events such as festivals or fairs and interacting with participants Asking those with whom the nurse interacts in the course of daily living their perception of the community (e.g., clerks in grocery stores or pharmacies)
Which of the following best describes the role of nursing in community health?
Application of nursing and public health theory in promoting, preserving, and maintaining health of individuals, families, or communities
Which of the following places best describes where the incidence of Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is currently rising?
Areas where people share dressing or bathing facilities
There is great concern in the nurse's community over three local cases of West Nile virus. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to get the community involved in addressing this problem?
Have an educational campaign to remove any containers of standing water
Which of the following infectious disease interventions best represents the use of secondary prevention?
Health care workers are encouraged to receive annual vaccinations for influenza.
Which of the following best explains why chlamydia is a major focus of public health efforts?
It can cause problems in infants born to infected mothers.
The nurse gives a very informative and engaging presentation and then gives everyone in the audience a handout that outlines the presentation. Later, the nurse discovers that many of the handouts were thrown away before the audience left the building. Which of the following educational principles has the nurse forgotten?
Many Americans do not have a high reading level.
The nurse who works at a homeless clinic wants to improve healing of chronic wounds in clients living on the streets. Which of the following would be the best action to take to improve client outcomes?
Offer daily access to a room with soap, water and bandages
A nurse just finished teaching breast self-examination to a large group of women at a professional conference. During the session, she distributed literature and used culturally appropriate visual aids. However, the session was not as effective as it could have been. Which of the following was the most important thing omitted by the nurse?
Opportunity for the women to practice what they learned
A nurse is trying to decrease the risk for depression among older adults. Which of the following interventions should the nurse implement?
Organize an exercise and health promotion program at the local senior center
Which of the following actions demonstrate effective public health nursing practice in the community?
Partnerships are established with community coalitions Epidemiologic investigations to examine the environment for health hazards New services are organized where particular vulnerable populations live
Why are nurses increasingly providing care in clients' homes rather than hospitals?
People prefer to receive care in their homes rather than in hospitals
At a town meeting with public health officials to discuss a communicable disease outbreak, a nurse is asked to explain what is meant by the phrase "a virulent organism." The nurse explains that this means the organism causing the disease is able to do which of the following?
Produce very severe physical reactions
A community mental health nurse is implementing a tertiary prevention activity. Which of the following interventions is most likely being completed?
Providing case management services that link clients with serious mental illnesses to mental health and community support services
Which of the following is responsible for the dramatic increase in life expectancy during the 20th century?
Sanitation and other population-based prevention programs
Persons often point out that smokers choose to light their cigarettes, alcoholics lift the glass to their mouth, and drug addicts inject or ingest their drugs. Which of the following statements best describes why nurses don't simply focus on helping persons who engage in poor health behaviors to behave appropriately?
Society must offer healthy choices, offer support, and practice helpful policies
The nurse is trying to determine if a disease occurrence needs to be reported to the state health department. Which of the following resources should the nurse use to answer this question?
State health department website
A nurse is meeting to discuss problems and solutions with a group of teenagers who have been newly diagnosed with diabetes. One teenager states, "My mom found this particular brand of popcorn that has only 15 carbohydrates in the whole giant bag." Which of the following best describes the group purpose that is being served by the teenager's statement?
Task function of resolving problems about what to nibble during movies
A community health nurse is trying to decrease the incidence of emerging infections caused by drug-resistant organisms. Which of the following actions would be most appropriate for the nurse to implement?
Teach parents that antibiotics should not be used for treatment of viral infections or for prevention of bacterial infections
During which of the following activities is the nurse in community health acting as a partner in change?
Teaching anger management skills to a group of teenagers in a halfway house
A nurse is deciding which alternative interventions should be implemented. Which of the following factors must be considered by the nurse when making this decision?
The expected effect or outcome of each possible intervention The likelihood that the intervention will resolve the problem How interested others are in helping with any particular intervention
A nurse established an ongoing group meeting of teenagers with diabetes. In the early stages, the nurse was very directive in arranging location, providing low-carbohydrate drinks and snacks, steering the discussion, and trying to meet all the teenagers' needs. After the group had been meeting for about 3 months, the nurse noticed that the group members no longer simply accepted everything the nurse suggested. Instead, the teenagers began making decisions themselves, and eventually, the nurse no longer controlled the group. Which of the following most likely happened to cause this shift?
The group became cohesive enough to share leadership tasks.
The nurse often has to make resource allocation decisions. Which of the following best describes the criterion the nurse should use in such cases?
The needs of the aggregate rather than a few individuals
A nurse is planning an educational program about cardiovascular disease. Which of the following would be the optimal time for the nurse to elicit feedback from program participants?
Throughout the program
Which of the following best describes the current goal in relation to communicable diseases?
To exterminate specific infectious agents one by one
The correctional health nurse is doing a quick assessment on a newly admitted inmate who is HIV positive. Which of the following diseases should the inmate receive screening for immediately?
Tuberculosis
A nurse is assessing the status of a community's health. Which of the following will the nurse examine?
Vital statistics
Which of the following is the most probable cause of the increase in new emerging infectious diseases?
activities or behavior of humans, including changes in the environment
The later years of life for many older adults mark a period of abruptly changing social dynamics over which the older adult has very little control. The nurse should understand that this phenomenon of later life challenges:
adapting and coping responses
A nurse at a migrant clinic assists clients with completing the application process to receive supplemental food assistance. Which of the following roles of the nurse is being used?
advocate
A nurse doing a family assessment asks the client, "Have any of your blood relatives had mental illness?" The nurse is asking this question to
assess for biological risk factors
A client admitted with a femur fracture 24 hours ago becomes confused, which would the nurse do first?
assess for petechiae
A nurse is considering applying for a public health nurse position at a local health department. Which of the following minimum levels of educational preparation should the nurse have obtained?
baccalaureate degree in nursing
Which of the following best represents an example of an infectious disease spreading via a vector?
being bitten by an infected mosquito
which product would the nurse instruct IV drug users to use for cleaning of needles between uses?
bleach
when the chest x-ray for a client who has arrived at the ED with chest trauma shows multiple fractured ribs, which action will the nurse take next>
check for paradoxical movement of chest wall- flail chest
A school nurse is working with the Parent Teacher Organization (PTO) to improve the health status of preschool students in a lower socioeconomic urban community. Given the demographics of the community, the nurse is aware that this population is at greatest risk for:
childhood obesity
A family nurse is working with a married couple that has decided to remain child-free. The nurse recognizes this decision as a:
contemporary family function
What terms are used to describe healthy families?
families with strengths functional families resilient families
The nurse in community health uses information about family structure, household composition, marriage, divorce, birth, death, adoption, and other family life events to forecast and predict stresses and developmental changes experienced by families and identify possible solutions to family challenges. This best describes the study of:
family demographics
when preparing a client for a liver biopsy, which instruction would the nurse provide to the client?
hold breath at the moment of actual biopsy
Which of the following is the number-one cause of death worldwide?
infectious diseases
which drug acts as a abortifacient in females?
mifepristone
One member of an older couple has just retired. This is considered a
normative event that can increase the families risk for illness
To ensure antibody-mediated immunity, which actions would the nurse instruct an older client to implement?
obtain a shingles vaccine receive a tetanus booster obtain a pneumococcal vaccine receive flu vaccine annually
A multidisciplinary quality assurance team has reviewed an organization's stated philosophy and objectives and developed a conceptual model for appraisal that integrates peer review and client satisfaction. The quality assurance program component that should be addressed next would be:
outcome
During an outbreak of hepatitis A, nurses are giving injections of hepatitis A immunoglobulin to selected susceptible persons. Which of the following best describes the type of immunity that will follow the administration of these injections?
passive immunity
As a community health nurse, you understand the importance of recognizing the physical and behavioral indicators of abuse. ______ is a form of abuse that may result in malnutrition or other problems.
passive neglect
a client is brought to the ED triage by private car with bone protruding from the right lower leg. which assessment would the triage nurse perform first?
pedal pulses
The community health nurse is aware that lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) adults are more likely to experience which of the following conditions?
poor mental health
An underlying current throughout the special population groups with health disparities is
poverty
Which of the following is the primary cause of vulnerability to health problems?
poverty
The general approach to quality improvement known as licensure that grants control over who can enter into and who exists in a profession can best be described as a contract between the:
profession and the state
Advances in ________is the primary reason life spans have notably lengthened over the past 100 years?
public health
A state health department wants to ensure that the local health departments are delivering quality client care and can demonstrate the degree of excellence attained. The principle that is best defined by this statement is:
quality assurance
A nurse in community health is working with a single parent of three children, ages 4, 6, and 8. The 6-year-old has cerebral palsy. The 4-year-old has asthma. The maternal grandmother lives with the family and has diabetes. The nurse understands the importance of working within the context of the existing family structure and community resources because families are:
responsible for providing/managing the care of their family members
The quality improvement team reviews the records of clients on a monthly basis to determine whether protocols for pain assessment were followed. Which of the following best describes this activity?
retrospective audit
A public health nurse traces sexual contacts of clients with sexually transmitted diseases for screening and treatment. Which of the following levels of prevention is being implemented?
secondary prevention
A nurse in community health is conducting a parenting class for prospective parents that will focus on the development of new skills, identification of needed resources, planning, and other preparations for the arrival of a newborn. This intervention is addressing a potential risk associated with:
transitions
The WHO, consistent with Healthy People 2030, describes three overall determinants of health to be (1) the social and economic environment, (2) the physical environment, and (3) the person's individual characteristics and behaviors.
true
A homeless family brought their father to the public health clinic after he reported bleeding when he went to the bathroom. Which of the following nursing actions would be most appropriate?
Begin tests to determine the cause of the bleeding while asking about other family concerns from nutrition to shelter for the night
The wife of an abusive husband reports to the nurse that her husband has been increasingly more abusive over the past year. Which of the following should be the first action that is taken by the nurse?
Develop a plan for the wife's escape if the violence starts again
A community health nurse is implementing a tertiary prevention activity related to tuberculosis. Which of the following interventions is the nurse most likely completing?
Directly observing clients with active tuberculosis as they take their antitubercular medications
A community health nurse drives through her assigned community before visiting the community groups scheduled for the day. She then drives through the community again that evening before going home. Which of the following best describes the nurse's reason for driving through the community twice in the same day?
Driving through twice allows the nurse to see the community when many residents are at work or at school and then again when most are at home
The nurse is scheduled to teach carbohydrate counting to middle-aged adults newly diagnosed with diabetes. Which of the following actions will the nurse need to take when teaching this population?
Explain how to cope with being a guest at a dinner. Appeal to the need for autonomy and choice.
A nurse planned a presentation about the latest trends in disaster planning for the senior nursing students at the local college. However, when the nurse began to share the information, the students were talking to one another and essentially ignoring the nurse. Which of the following actions should be taken by the nurse?
Explain why the information is crucial to their current clinical practice.