4220 exam 2 summer

Which theory of attitudes states that people are motivated to take action to resolve inconsistencies between attitudes and behaviors? A. theory of cognitive dissonance B. balance theory C. social judgement theory D. self-perception theory

A. theory of cognitive dissonance

Most Americans will state that they are always rushed for time even though many people have opportunities for leisure. This perception is referred to as ________. A. time poverty B. circular time C. the leisure paradox D. psychological time

A. time poverty

Gasoline is the only commonly purchased product that is priced down to a fraction of a cent. This is the case because buying gasoline is a low-involvement activity, which makes point-of-purchase factors more important. A. True B. False

A. True

Social stratification refers to the creation of artificial divisions in a society. A. True B. False

A. True

John Jones purchases products to show visible evidence of his ability to afford luxury goods, John is practicing ________. A. conspicuous consumption B. homogamy C. brand prominence D. brand positioning

A. conspicuous consumption

A ________ includes a buyer, a seller, a product or service and other factors, such as how the physical environment makes one feel. A. consumption situation B. psychological situation C. post-purchase process D. purchase process

A. consumption situation

People often make decisions on the basis of mental accounting. One facet of this accounting is making a decision based on the way a problem was posed. This is called ________. A. framing B. positioning C. the sum-cost fallacy D. loss aversion

A. framing

The best predictor of major expenditures that do not have status or symbolic value is ________. A. income B. social class C. social class and income D. occupation

A. income

Consumers are swayed more by negative word of mouth than by positive comments. A. True B. False

A. True

________ refers to the passage of individuals from one social class to another. A. Social mobility B. Social affinity C. Social class D. Social prestige

A. Social mobility

A consumer's belief about his or her future earning potential is an indicator of consumer confidence. A. True B. False

A. True

A store's location contributes to its store image. A. True B. False

A. True

A person or group with the means to provide positive reinforcement is said to have expert power. A. True B. False

B. False

The first step in the consumer decision-making process is to conduct an information search. A. True B. False

B. False

The three components of the ABC model are attitude, behavior, and cognition. A. True B. False

B. False

The process of movement and adaptation to one country's cultural environment by a person from another country is called ________. A. immigration B. acculturation C. progressive learning D. de-ethnicization

B. acculturation

A person who receives rewards and status because of his hard work is said to have ________ status. A. ascribed B. achieved C. hierarchical D. nouveau riche

B. achieved

A customer buying an unfamiliar product that carries a fair degree of risk would most likely engage in ________ decision making. A. habitual B. cognitive C. limited D. affective

B. cognitive

Features actually used to differentiate among choices are called ________ attributes. A. search B. determinant C. evaluation D. segmentation

B. determinant

A(n) ________ is an actual or imaginary individual or group conceived of having significant relevance upon an individual's evaluations, aspirations, or behavior. A. opinion group B. reference group C. focus group D. demographic group

B. reference group

Hedonic shopping motives include ________. A. interpersonal attraction B. thrill of the hunt C. all of the above D. social experiences

C. all of the above

All of the following are important components of social class except for ________. A. educational attainment B. income C. gender D. occupational prestige

C. gender

All multiattribute attitude models specify the importance of attributes, beliefs, and ________. A. action variables B. motivations C. importance weights D. regency of events

C. importance weights

In advertising terms, a(n) ________ refers to a view or exposure to an advertising message. A. node B. connection C. impression D. reference

C. impression

Anna was shopping and saw a display of dishwasher detergent on an endcap, this reminded her she was almost out so she bought some, even though it wasn't on her list. She was engaging in ________. A. point of purchase stimuli B. impulse buying C. unplanned buying D. POP buying

C. unplanned buying

A component of a person's subculture is ________. A. age B. ethnic background C. race D. all of the above

D. all of the above

The ________ function of attitudes applies when a person is in an ambiguous situation and needs order, structure, or meaning. A. ego-defensive B. value-expressive C. utilitarian D. knowledge

D. knowledge

The ________ hierarchy of effects assumes the consumer does not initially have a strong preference for one brand over another. Instead, a consumer acts on the basis of limited knowledge and then forms an evaluation only after the product has been purchased or used. A. habitual B. standard learning C. experiential D. low-involvement

D. low-involvement

If a consumer admires the qualities of another person and copies his or her behaviors, the person that is copied has ________ power. A. Legitimate B. informational C. coercive D. referent

D. referent