4.4 Eukaryotic cells
stroma
large inner space of the chloroplasts, which contains enzymes for photosynthesis and third set of membranes organized as diisk like sacs call thylakoids
woody plants
less flexible secondary cell wall; contains cellulose microfibrils and lignin
whats connected by narrow, membrane lined plasmodesmata?
living cells
smooth ER
makes lipids and made in transport vesicles
vacuoles
membrane sacs that are larger then vesicles. plants- specialized functions, can store nutrients, ions, or other molecules
what breaks down carbs to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?
mitochondria
what is surrounded by a double membrane?
mitochondria
cytoskeleton
network of proteins in the cytoplasm that help cell maintain its shape and movement
ribosome subunits
one large one small assembled in the cytoplasm and used to make proteins
nuclear membrane
passage of ribosomal subunits and mRNA out the nucleus and proteins into the nucleus
apoptosis
programmed cell death, lysosomes participate in
Endoplasmic Reticulm
saccules, rough ER synthesizes proteins which are packaged in transport vesicles
plant cell walls
all plants have cell wall
what has cells have two primary external features; extracellular matrix and various junctions between cells?
animal cells
the breakdown of oxygen to produce atp is called?
cellular respiration
what uses solar energy to break down carbs via photosynthesis?
chloroplasts
what are surrounded by two membranes (inner and outer)?
chloroplasts found in plants and photosynthetic organisms
what are hairlike projections that allow organisms to move?
cilia and flagella
what are membrane bound cylinders?
cilia and flagella
what differ in size but are similar in construction?
cilia and flagella
what has basal body in the cytoplasm that has a structure similar to the centrioles?
cilia and flagella
primary cell wall
contains cellulose fibrils and non-cellulose substances that allow the cell to stretch when growing
mitochondria matrix
where chemicals are transformed into ATP(energy) and where the ATP is stored. cell power house cuz it produces the most energy.
Eukaryotic cell structure
1) Nucleus and ribosomes 2) organelles of the endomembrane system 3) energy related organelles 4) cytoskeleton
nucleus and ribosomes
1) separated from the cytoplasm by nuclear membrane
The Cytoskeleton
1)actin filaments 2)microtubules. maintains shape-network of protein filaments and tubules from the nucleus to plasma membrane
endomembrane system
1. nuclear membrane 2. endoplasmic reticulm (ER) 3. Golgi apparatus 4. Membranous sacs call vesicles.
thylakoids
1.organized stacks or grana. 2. pigments that capture light for P-S are in the membrane
what system compartmentalizes the cell and carries molecules between components of the system?
Endomembrane system
Eukaryotic cells
Larger, complex, with nucleus, membrane bound organelles, houses DNA .
golgi apparatus
flattened saccules, receives protein from the ER then packages them in new vesicles, then sends proteins to intended location
convolutions of the inner membrane
form cristae, which increase surface area
mitochondria
found in all eukaryotic cells , energy related organelle creates own genetic material and ribosomes
chloroplasts
found in cells of photosynthetic eukaryotes energy related organelle creates own genetic material and ribosomes
lysosomes
golgi vesicles that contain proteins to digest molecules
the inner membrane encloses what in the mitochondria?
the matrix