6.21.F - Test: Nonfiction Works english study

"At college, forced to attend or evade public worship, they acquire an habitual contempt for the very service, the performance of which is to enable them to live in idleness. It is mumbled over as an affair of business, as a stupid boy repeats his task, and frequently the college cant escapes from the preacher the moment after he has left the pulpit, and even whilst he is eating the dinner which he earned in such a dishonest manner. Can it then be a matter of surprise, that boys become selfish and vicious who are thus shut out from social converse? or that a mitre often graces the brow of one of these diligent pastors?" In the above passage, what purpose does the use of rhetorical questions serve?

They create a bridge that connects her main idea with supporting evidence

What does the transition word "therefore" at the beginning of the passage indicate?

This passage is acting as a supporting argument.

Based on Passage 2 from Poetics, what is the main purpose of this passage?

To compare and contrast elements of the Epic and Tragic genre

Based on the passage from Poetics, what is the author's purpose of this passage?

To inform the reader about the origins of poetry

"Since 5000 BC, the Egyptians made a tooth powder, which consisted of powdered ashes of ox hooves, myrrh, powdered and burnt eggshells, and pumice. The Greeks, and then the Romans, improved the recipes by adding abrasives such as crushed bones and oyster shells. In the 9th century, Iraqi musician and fashion designer Ziryab invented a type of toothpaste, which he popularized throughout Islamic Spain. The exact ingredients of this toothpaste are unknown, but it was reported to have been both 'functional and pleasant to taste.' It is not known whether these early toothpastes were used alone, were to be rubbed onto the teeth with rags, or were to be used with early toothbrushes, such as neem-treetwigs and miswak. During Japan's Edo period, inventor Hiraga Gennai's Hika rakuyo (1769) contained advertisements for Sosekiko, a 'toothpaste in a box.' Toothpastes or powders came into general use in the 19th century." - "Toothpaste" from Wikipedia What is the main idea of this paragraph?

To inform the reader of historical toothpaste ingredients

In the above selection from 2 Corinthians, which statement best summarizes the purpose of the text?

To persuade Christians that they have hope in Christ

Based on the above passage from the Quran, what is the author's purpose?

To persuade believers to give of their possessions to others

Hannah More opens chapter 2 of her book with this: "It is far from being the object of this slight work to offer a regular plan of female education, a task which has been often more properly assumed by far abler writers; but it is intended rather to suggest a few remarks on the existing mode, which, though it has had many panegyrists, appears to be defective, not only in a few particulars, but as a general system." What does More state is her purpose for writing? (A panegyrist is a pubic speaker, especially for funerals.)

To suggest how the current system is flawed and might be improved

In the following passage, Wolstonecraft uses a rhetorical device (a metaphor) to communicate an idea to the readers: "But the fear of innovation, in this country, extends to every thing. This is only a covert fear, the apprehensive timidity of indolent slugs, who guard, by sliming it over, the snug place, which they consider in the light of an hereditary estate; and eat, drink, and enjoy themselves, instead of fulfilling the duties, excepting a few empty forms, for which it was endowed. These are the people who most strenuously insist on the will of the founder being observed, crying out against all reformation, as if it were a violation of justice." What is the purpose of this metaphor?

To use a comparison that expresses her disgust with people who do not like change

Which of the following statements describes how people in the 20th century tended to discover truth, according to Lewis?

Truth is known through science, dates, and numbers (a map or model of a mountain is all you need to know it).

Use the following passage from Aristotle's Poetics to answer questions 1-6. PASSAGE 1 "Poetry in general seems to have sprung from two causes, each of them lying deep in our nature. First, the instinct of imitation is implanted in man from childhood, one difference between him and other animals being that he is the most imitative of living creatures, and through imitation learns his earliest lessons; and no less universal is the pleasure felt in things imitated. We have evidence of this in the facts of experience. Objects which in themselves we view with pain, we delight to contemplate when reproduced with minute fidelity: such as the forms of the most ignoble animals and of dead bodies. The cause of this again is, that to learn gives the liveliest pleasure, not only to philosophers but to men in general; whose capacity, however, of learning is more limited. Thus the reason why men enjoy seeing a likeness is, that in contemplating it they find themselves learning or inferring, and saying perhaps, 'Ah, that is he.' For if you happen not to have seen the original, the pleasure will be due not to the imitation as such, but to the execution, the coloring, or some such other cause. Imitation, then, is one instinct of our nature. Next, there is the instinct for 'harmony' and rhythm, meters being manifestly sections of rhythm. Persons, therefore, starting with this natural gift developed by degrees their special aptitudes, till their rude improvisations gave birth to Poetry."

Use the following passage from Aristotle's Poetics to answer questions 1-6. PASSAGE 1 "Poetry in general seems to have sprung from two causes, each of them lying deep in our nature. First, the instinct of imitation is implanted in man from childhood, one difference between him and other animals being that he is the most imitative of living creatures, and through imitation learns his earliest lessons; and no less universal is the pleasure felt in things imitated. We have evidence of this in the facts of experience. Objects which in themselves we view with pain, we delight to contemplate when reproduced with minute fidelity: such as the forms of the most ignoble animals and of dead bodies. The cause of this again is, that to learn gives the liveliest pleasure, not only to philosophers but to men in general; whose capacity, however, of learning is more limited. Thus the reason why men enjoy seeing a likeness is, that in contemplating it they find themselves learning or inferring, and saying perhaps, 'Ah, that is he.' For if you happen not to have seen the original, the pleasure will be due not to the imitation as such, but to the execution, the coloring, or some such other cause. Imitation, then, is one instinct of our nature. Next, there is the instinct for 'harmony' and rhythm, meters being manifestly sections of rhythm. Persons, therefore, starting with this natural gift developed by degrees their special aptitudes, till their rude improvisations gave birth to Poetry."

Augustine creates two categories for topics he studied in school: Good and Vain. Which category would the texts of Homer be put into?

Vain

Main Idea

What the text is mostly about

Which of the following are the Stoic's cardinal virtues?

Widsom Justice Courage Temperance

free himself from his physical body

buddhist

The conclusion of the passage is missing. Which of the following lines would be a good concluding thought for this passage?

but the elements of a Tragedy are not all found in the Epic poem.

Which sentence from Strictures best sums up Wolstonecraft's main argument?

"Day schools for particular ages should be established by government, in which boys and girls might be educated together."

What is the main idea of On Duties?

A virtuous man will use his natural reason to determine how to act with decorum and according to his duty.

According to Cicero, what separates man and beast?

Ability to reason

Which of the following ideas was incorporated into the Medieval Model, as Lewis describes it?

All the apparent contradictions must be harmonized.

In this passage from Poetics, Aristotle provides his idea for a way that man is separate from animals. Which statement below correctly contrasts his idea to Cicero's?

Aristotle thinks imitation separates man and beast while Cicero thinks reason does.

give God glory through thanksgiving resulting from hope in His work

Bible

Which word best describes the author's tone in this passage?

Blunt

According to the Buddhist texts, what is Nirvana? Keep in mind that Nirvana contradicts our Christian truth about eternity and salvation in Jesus Christ.

Breaking the birth-death cycle by no longer grasping for earthly desires

According to Cicero, what is the best way to keep power and possessions?

By being well-liked

The following line contains a transition word. What is the purpose of this transition phrase ("therefore") in the passage? "whoever, therefore knows what is good or bad Tragedy, knows also about Epic poetry."

Conclusion

What is the Aristotle's tone in this passage?

Confident

The following line contains a transition word. What is the purpose of this transition phrase ("also") in the passage? "whoever, therefore knows what is good or bad Tragedy, knows also about Epic poetry."

Continuation

Which duty below does Cicero define as: a quality consistent with the superiority of man, as well as achievement of a harmony with nature that reveals a man's moderation and self-control.

Decorum

Which of the following summarizes Cicero's "Golden Rule?"

Do not harm another person for your own benefit.

In the above selection from 2 Corinthians, which word best describes the author's tone?

Encouraging

Which cultural movement focused on the scientific method, human reason, progress, and the "self?"

Enlightenment

"[Tom] White, the retired executive director of the Michigan School Business Officials group, is one of Dr. Daniel Sadler's patients. Sadler, an East Lansing dentist, has been telling his 1,500 patients for the past six or so years about an unusual plaque-busting technique called dry brushing. "Here's the drill, according to Sadler: Brush your teeth for two minutes using a soft, dry toothbrush with no toothpaste. Use the brushing technique your dental hygienist recommends (circular or up and down including the gums). Make sure to hit the tough spots where plaque builds up, such as behind your bottom teeth. Use a dab of toothpaste at the end to get the fresh breath and the benefit from fluoride. Sadler says to simply put it on your tongue and swish. "About six years ago, Sadler attended a Michigan Dental Association continuing education seminar by Ohio dentist and researcher Dr. Thomas C. Abrahamsen, who studied the effect of toothpaste on enamel. Abrahamsen, who died in 2012, advocated for brushing teeth without toothpaste. It's the friction from the brushing, not the toothpaste, that rids the teeth of plaque. And even toothpaste manufacturers recommend a pea-sized amount of toothpaste." "Putnam: Dentist says swish, don't brush with toothpaste" by Judy Putnam, Lansing State Journal Which type of persuasive tactic does the author use the most to help make her point?

Ethos - appeal to authority

What is the main idea of this passage?

Even though some people act as a judge to others, they will be judged by God.

A work that is labeled as nonfiction includes only true information.

False

Which of the following choices includes transition words used in Poetics?

First, the instinct of imitation whose capacity, however, of learning

What did Empress Theodora do that was against a cultural custom?

Gave a speech at a man's council meeting

Augustine creates two categories for topics he studied in school: Good and Vain. Which category would math, reading, and writing be put into?

Good

How did Augustine's faith lead him to view his childhood?

He felt he was sinful from birth and his childhood was run by this sin.

What conflict led Empress Theodora to make her famous speech in 532 AD

Her husband was about to flee power and the city.

Read the following excerpt from On Duties: "However, it is inconsistent for a man who is impervious to fear to succumb to physical desire, or for a man who has shown that hard work cannot destroy him to yield to pleasure. So you must beware of desire and pleasure." Which of the words below is considered a transition word?

However

Which of the following sentences from the epilogue best summarizes Lewis's main idea?

I am only suggesting considerations that may induce us to regard all Models in the right way, respecting each and idolizing none.

Which statement below is the best summary for this passage from the Quran?

If people use their gifts from god well, he will reward them.

Which line could best be considered supporting evidence? Or, which line could best be described as one whose main purpose is to support the author's argument?

If you lend god a good loan, he will multiply it for you.

A nonfiction text typically has one of three purposes: to ____, persuade, or entertain.

Inform

The Musee D'Orsay is a book that details the construction of the famous art museum in Paris and showcases some of the most famous works housed there, including information on the history of the art. This book could best be classified as ___ nonfiction.

Informative

The Joy of Cooking is a famous cookbook that has been in publication for over 75 years. It gives step-by-step guides for staple American foods as well as international delights. This book could best be classified as ___ nonfiction.

Instructive

According to Lewis, what is a major way evolutionary theory changed cultural thinking?

It led to people thinking that the cosmos is progressively getting more perfect.

Which persuasive strategy does Aristotle use in this passage from Poetics

Logos

Read the following excerpt from On Duties: "Plato wrote brilliantly on this point: 'We have not been born for ourselves alone; our native land claims a portion of our origin, our friends claim a portion.' The Stoics like to repeat that everything that comes into being in the world is created for the benefit of man, that even men themselves are born for mankind's sake." Which statement below best summarizes the main idea of this paragraph?

Men are not born for themselves alone.

What rhetorical device did Empress Theodora use when she said, "...[P]urple is the noblest shroud?"

Metaphor

In the 2012 book Behind the Beautiful Forevers, author Katherine Boo tells the story of the lives of residents from the slums of Mumbai, India. This work could best be classified as ____ nonfiction.

Narrative

Which of the following lines from Poetics would be considered a piece of supporting evidence?

Objects which in themselves we view with pain, we delight to contemplate when reproduced

Read the following excerpt from On Duties: "In this matter you can condemn neither group's convictions, of course, but the life of those who withdraw is both easier and safer and less harsh or harmful to others. On the other hand, the life of men who have devoted themselves to government and to the administration of great enterprises is more beneficial to the human race and more advantageous to their own fame and magnificence." Which of the words below is considered a transition word/phrase?

On the other hand

In her book, More says: "Fashion then, by one of her sudden and rapid turns, instantaneously struck out sensibility and affectation from the standing list of female perfections; and, by a quick touch of her magic wand, shifted the scene, and at once produced the bold and independent beauty, the intrepid female, the hoyden, the huntress, and the archer; the swinging arms, the confident address, the regimental, and the four-in-hand." Which rhetorical devices does she use in this passage to communicate her feelings on fashion?

Personification

Food Inc. is a famous 2008 documentary that sought to expose the treatment of animals in the commercial food industry and convince viewers to change their food buying habits. The documentary sought to make viewers feel so bad about how the animals are treated that they would stop buying meat from the grocery store. This documentary would best be classified as _____ nonfiction.

Persuasive

remember to obey god by being generous so that he will reward you

Quran

Read the following Bible passage to answer questions 12-15. "Therefore, any one of you who judges is without excuse. For when you judge another, you condemn yourself, since you, the judge, do the same things. We know that god's judgement on those who do such things is based on the truth. Do you really think - anyone of you who judges The Who do such things yet do the same - that you will escape God's judgment? Or do you despise the riches of His kindness, restraint, and patience, not recognizing that God's kindness is intended to lead you to repentance? But because of your hardness and unrepentant heart you are storing up wrath for yourself in the day of wrath, when God's righteous judgement is revealed." Romans 2:1-5

Read the following Bible passage to answer questions 12-15. "Therefore, any one of you who judges is without excuse. For when you judge another, you condemn yourself, since you, the judge, do the same things. We know that god's judgement on those who do such things is based on the truth. Do you really think - anyone of you who judges The Who do such things yet do the same - that you will escape God's judgment? Or do you despise the riches of His kindness, restraint, and patience, not recognizing that God's kindness is intended to lead you to repentance? But because of your hardness and unrepentant heart you are storing up wrath for yourself in the day of wrath, when God's righteous judgement is revealed." Romans 2:1-5

Read the following excerpt from Aristotle's Poetics to answer questions 7-11. PASSAGE 2 "Epic poetry agrees with Tragedy in so far as it is an imitation in verse of characters of a higher type. They differ in that Epic poetry admits but one kind of meter and is narrative in form. They differ, again, in their length: for Tragedy endeavors, as far as possible, to confine itself to a single revolution of the sun, or but slightly to exceed this limit, whereas the Epic action has no limits of time. This, then, is a second point of difference; though at first the same freedom was admitted in Tragedy as in Epic poetry.Of their constituent parts some are common to both, some peculiar to Tragedy: whoever, therefore knows what is good or bad Tragedy, knows also about Epic poetry. All the elements of an Epic poem are found in Tragedy, ____"

Read the following excerpt from Aristotle's Poetics to answer questions 7-11. PASSAGE 2 "Epic poetry agrees with Tragedy in so far as it is an imitation in verse of characters of a higher type. They differ in that Epic poetry admits but one kind of meter and is narrative in form. They differ, again, in their length: for Tragedy endeavors, as far as possible, to confine itself to a single revolution of the sun, or but slightly to exceed this limit, whereas the Epic action has no limits of time. This, then, is a second point of difference; though at first the same freedom was admitted in Tragedy as in Epic poetry.Of their constituent parts some are common to both, some peculiar to Tragedy: whoever, therefore knows what is good or bad Tragedy, knows also about Epic poetry. All the elements of an Epic poem are found in Tragedy, ____"

Read the following excerpt from Buddhist texts: If Nirvana is strictly in the nature of ordinary existence, why is it non-appropriating? For, no ordinary existence that is non-appropriating ever exists. If Nirvana is not strictly in the nature of ordinary existence, how could what is in the nature of non-existence be Nirvana? Where there is no existence, equally so, there can be no nonexistence. If Nirvana is in the nature of non-existence, why is it non-appropriating? For, indeed, a nonappropriating non-existence does not prevail. The status of the birth-death cycle is due to existential grasping [of the skandhas] and relational condition [of the being]. That which is non-grasping and non-relational is taught as Nirvana.

Read the following excerpt from Buddhist texts: If Nirvana is strictly in the nature of ordinary existence, why is it non-appropriating? For, no ordinary existence that is non-appropriating ever exists. If Nirvana is not strictly in the nature of ordinary existence, how could what is in the nature of non-existence be Nirvana? Where there is no existence, equally so, there can be no nonexistence. If Nirvana is in the nature of non-existence, why is it non-appropriating? For, indeed, a nonappropriating non-existence does not prevail. The status of the birth-death cycle is due to existential grasping [of the skandhas] and relational condition [of the being]. That which is non-grasping and non-relational is taught as Nirvana.

Read the following selection from the Quran: Keep in mind that Muhammed was a "false" prophet, meaning he did not reveal truth. 9. O you who believe! Let neither your possessions nor your children distract you from the remembrance of god. Whoever does that—these are the losers. 10. And give from what We have provided for you, before death approaches one of you, and he says, "My lord, if only You would delay me for a short while, so that I may be charitable, and be one of the righteous." 11. But god will not delay a soul when its time has come. God is Informed of what you do. (ch 63) 14. O you who believe! Among your spouses and your children are enemies to you, so beware of them. But if you pardon, and overlook, and forgive—god is Forgiver and Merciful. 15. Your possessions and your children are a test, but with god is a splendid reward. 16. So be conscious of god as much as you can, and listen, and obey, and give for your own good. He who is protected from his stinginess—these are the prosperous. 17. If you lend god a good loan, he will multiply it for you, and will forgive you. God is Appreciative and Forbearing.

Read the following selection from the Quran: Keep in mind that Muhammed was a "false" prophet, meaning he did not reveal truth. 9. O you who believe! Let neither your possessions nor your children distract you from the remembrance of god. Whoever does that—these are the losers. 10. And give from what We have provided for you, before death approaches one of you, and he says, "My lord, if only You would delay me for a short while, so that I may be charitable, and be one of the righteous." 11. But god will not delay a soul when its time has come. God is Informed of what you do. (ch 63) 14. O you who believe! Among your spouses and your children are enemies to you, so beware of them. But if you pardon, and overlook, and forgive—god is Forgiver and Merciful. 15. Your possessions and your children are a test, but with god is a splendid reward. 16. So be conscious of god as much as you can, and listen, and obey, and give for your own good. He who is protected from his stinginess—these are the prosperous. 17. If you lend god a good loan, he will multiply it for you, and will forgive you. God is Appreciative and Forbearing.

Read this selection from 2 Corinthians 4: Now we have this treasure in clay jars, so that this extraordinary power may be from God and not from us. 8 We are afflicted in every way but not crushed; we are perplexed but not in despair; 9 we are persecuted but not abandoned; we are struck down but not destroyed. 10 We always carry the death of Jesus in our body, so that the life of Jesus may also be displayed in our body. 11 For we who live are always being given over to death for Jesus's sake, so that Jesus's life may also be displayed in our mortal flesh. 12 So then, death is at work in us, but life in you. 13 And since we have the same spirit of faith in keeping with what is written, "I believed, therefore I spoke," we also believe, and therefore speak. 14 For we know that the one who raised the Lord Jesus will also raise us with Jesus and present us with you. 15 Indeed, everything is for your benefit so that, as grace extends through more and more people, it may cause thanksgiving to increase to the glory of God. (ESV®)

Read this selection from 2 Corinthians 4: Now we have this treasure in clay jars, so that this extraordinary power may be from God and not from us. 8 We are afflicted in every way but not crushed; we are perplexed but not in despair; 9 we are persecuted but not abandoned; we are struck down but not destroyed. 10 We always carry the death of Jesus in our body, so that the life of Jesus may also be displayed in our body. 11 For we who live are always being given over to death for Jesus's sake, so that Jesus's life may also be displayed in our mortal flesh. 12 So then, death is at work in us, but life in you. 13 And since we have the same spirit of faith in keeping with what is written, "I believed, therefore I spoke," we also believe, and therefore speak. 14 For we know that the one who raised the Lord Jesus will also raise us with Jesus and present us with you. 15 Indeed, everything is for your benefit so that, as grace extends through more and more people, it may cause thanksgiving to increase to the glory of God. (ESV®)

Which one of the following rhetorical devices is used to help the reader better understand the author's point in this passage?

Rhetorical Questions

Which rhetorical device does the author use to make his argument?

Rhetorical Questions

Theodora sums up her main idea in the last line. Which of the following choices best summarizes her main argument? "I agree with the adage that the royal purple is the noblest shroud."

Since we will all die and be buried, it is more honorable to die and be buried defending my rule.

Check the answers below that are examples of nonfiction.

Speech Biography Sermon Memoir Newspaper

According to Cicero, if you had to choose between helping a close friend or the State, which should you choose in order to be a virtuous man?

The State

What would be an appropriate critique of this passage?

The author's use of rhetorical questions confused the main argument.

Which of the following is the main idea of Chapter 1 of Confessions?

The depth of pain Augustine feels remembering his sins drives him to praise God for His goodness and mercy.

Which statement below best summarizes the main idea of this passage from Poetics?

The reasons mankind uses poetry