7.4

As described by Keshavarz in the first paragraph, which of the following would best explain why European countries were implementing policies to increase the size of their populations? Responses A They had adopted Marxist economic philosophy. B They wanted to address the effects of the First World War and mobilize for future conflicts. C They needed to employ the workers who had lost their jobs in the Great Depression. D They feared a popular backlash against the economic and social costs of the welfare state.

B

Asian reactions to Western claims of racial and cultural superiority, such as the reaction by Shigenobu in the passage, were also instrumental in the period 1918-1945 in the Responses A intensification of anti-imperial resistance activities and independence movements B growing number of conversions to Christianity among Asian peoples C growing popularity of laissez-faire economic policies in Asian states D establishment of European immigrant enclaves in many parts of South and East Asia

A

Ideas similar to those expressed in the passage would contribute most directly to which of the following? Responses A Japanese imperialist policies in East and Southeast Asia in the first half of the twentieth century B Japanese government attempts to mobilize public opinion by promoting the veneration of the emperor in the 1930s and 1940s C Japan's policy of demilitarization after the end of the Second World War D Japan's "economic miracle" in the 1960s and 1970s

A

Based on the passage, it can be inferred that Mazower might also support which of the following assertions? Responses A The industrial capacity of the United States doomed Hitler's project for a Nazi-dominated Europe to failure from the start. B The Nazis' rigidly ideological approach to empire building prevented them from consolidating their control of continental Europe. C Ordinary Germans' revulsion at the genocidal policies of the Nazi Party as the Second World War progressed would have resulted in a revolution in Germany even if Hitler had won the military conflict. D Stalin's modernization policies would have enabled the Soviet Union to defeat Nazi Germany regardless of Hitler's policies.

B

In the mid-twentieth century, which of the following was a similarity between the approaches of China and the Soviet Union in managing their respective economies? Responses A Insistence on the participation of industrial workers in planning their economies B Recognition of the independence of satellite states in developing their economies C Building popular support for their regimes by slowing the pace of industrialization D Direct intervention in their economies to speed the process of industrialization

D

The global economic downturn of the 1930s had which of the following effects on nations in Europe and North America? Responses A International trade increased because nations lowered trade barriers. B Industrialized countries became more democratic as the public sought greater input in the making of economic policy. C Most imperial powers granted independence to their colonies because the costs of maintaining empires became unsustainable. D Governments took a more active role in directing and regulating their economies to stimulate growth.

D

Which of the following accurately explains the historical significance of the harsh conditions imposed on Germany that the editorial describes? Responses A They led to a successful communist revolution in Germany. B They triggered a massive wave of emigration from Germany. C They resulted in the virtual deindustrialization of Germany. D They encouraged the rise of political extremism in Germany.

D

The economic development Stalin describes above was achieved primarily through which of the following? Responses A Government control of the national economy B Foreign investment from Western Europe C Extensive trade with the United States D Creation of private companies by Russian entrepreneurs

A

Which of the following best describes the cause of the developments described in the passage? Responses A Soviet efforts to modernize their economy through government control B Soviet reaction to the economic crisis of the Great Depression C Protests against the environmental effects of economic development D Scientific breakthroughs in transportation and communication

A

Which of the following true statements about the Netherlands best explains how the newspaper's national origin likely influenced the view of Germany expressed in the editorial? Responses A The Netherlands, by remaining neutral during the war, profited significantly from helping Germany evade the Entente's naval blockade. B The Netherlands, like Germany before the war, had a significant overseas empire. C The Netherlands, like Germany, had a large merchant fleet. D The Netherlands, like Germany until 1918, was a constitutional monarchy, although the Dutch monarchs had less effective power than the German kaiser.

A

Which of the following was the major long-term political effect of the Great Depression? A Governments began to take a more active role in economic life. B Labor unions in industrialized states dominated political life. C Philanthropic organizations provided relief for disadvantaged children D Governments created policies to restrict international trade.

A

Shigenobu's point of view regarding Western attitudes toward Japan as expressed in the passage is significant in that similar ideas were used by members of the Japanese government during the period between the First and the Second World Wars to justify Responses A engaging in war with Russia over influence in Manchuria B militarizing the Japanese state and expanding its territories in Asia C overthrowing the Tokugawa Shogunate and establishing the Meiji dynasty D introducing reforms that industrialized Japan's economy

B

Which of the following best describes the likely intent of the poster? Responses A To build support for Soviet participation in institutions of international governance such as the League of Nations B To build support for centrally directed economic modernization programs in the Soviet Union C To promote Soviet free-market economic policies and participation in international trade agreements D To promote resistance to the prevailing political and economic order in the Soviet Union

B

Which of the following twentieth-century developments most directly weakened European colonial states and contributed to the changes between the two maps? Responses A The decline of European economies during the Great Depression B Japanese occupation of Southeast Asia during the Second World War C Competition between Great Britain and France D The conquest of Spanish imperial territories by the United States

B

Shigenobu's criticism of European race-based discrimination against Japanese people is significant mostly because it shows that advocates of Japanese imperialism Responses A shared European Enlightenment views about representative government and natural rights B accepted Western racial hierarchies and the place that those hierarchies assigned to Asian peoples C adopted the European attitudes about a "civilizing mission" and used those attitudes to justify Japan's own imperial policies D vigorously opposed European and United States' restrictions on Japanese immigration to the United States and Europe or European colonies

C

The mention of "President Wilson's principles" is most directly significant to understanding the editorial's point of view about the Treaty of Versailles because of the United States president's commitment to Responses A establish an international organization to prevent future conflicts B work to create nation-states for ethnic minorities that had been under imperial control C broker a peace agreement on liberal principles that would not be motivated by revenge D resist the spread of Bolshevism following the Russian Revolution

C

Which of the following was the most important factor behind Europeans' readiness to embrace authoritarian political systems in the 1930s? Responses A Dissatisfaction with the welfare state B Admiration for the economic achievement of the Soviet Union under Stalin C The economic crisis caused by the Great Depression D Resentment of United States mass culture and consumer society

C