7th gr Science
Heredity
The passing of traits from parent to offspring
egg
Female sex cell
self-pollination
The transfer of pollen from one flower to another flower on the same plant.
mutation
any change in the DNA of a gene or chromosome
RNA
carries the codes for making proteins
The genetic traits are located in the
chromosomes
Mendel found that two genetic factors --one from the sperm cell and one from the egg cell
control each trait.
genotype
the two alleles that control the phenotype of a trait
incomplete dominance
when the offspring's phenotype is a combination of the parents' phenotypes
Punnett Square
a model used to predict possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring
gene
a section on a chromosome that has genetic information for one trait
pedigree
A chart or "family tree" that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait
codominance
A condition in which both alleles for a gene are fully expressed
heterozygous
An organism that has two different alleles for a trait
homozygous
An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait
Genetics
The study of how traits are passed from parent to offspring
alleles
Different forms of a gene
sperm
Male sex cell
hybrid
Offspring of crosses between parents with different traits
DNA
a complex molecule that contains the code for an organism's genetic information
dominant trait
a genetic factor that blocks another genetic factor
recessive trait
a genetic factor that is blocked by the presence of a dominant factor
In polygenic inheritance, traits are determined by
more than one gene and have many possible phenotypes.
cross-pollination
occurs between flowers of two different plants
polygenic inheritance
occurs when multiple genes determine the phenotype of a trait
phenotype
physical expressions of the gene. like brown or curly
Mendel
scientist who studied pea plants to figure out genetic information that applies to all organisms
Mendel's experiments with pea plants showed
that some traits are dominant and others are recessive
An organism's nucleotide sequence can change through
the deletion, insertion, or substitution of nitrogen bases.
Geneticists use Punnett Squares to predict
the possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring.
