8.9-8.12 APES

True statements about ozone include which of the following 1. Ozone is a precursor of acid rain. 2. Contact with ozone can be injurious to human health. 3. Ozone absorbs some wavelengths of ultraviolet radiation

2 and three only

Approximately 60 percent of municipal solid waste in the United States is composed of some form of organic matter that could be composted. Every American generates approximately 2 kg of waste every day.The amount of compostable waste that could be generated by one individual in a week would be closest to what number

8.4 kg

Water from which of the following locations on the map would best serve as a control group for the study

A

Put the following water treatments in the correct order: Step A. Water is passed through a screen to remove debris. Step B. Pathogenic organisms are killed by chlorination, UV, or ozone. Step C. Suspended particles clump and settle out. Step D. A floccing agent, such as alum, is added to the water

ADCB

When scientists discover the existence of an emerging infectious disease such as SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome), they must take immediate steps to determine the cause of the disease and the method of transmission. These initial steps would include what

Acquiring recent medical and travel histories of the disease victims.

What is involved in integrated waste management

All except: Using disposable diapers instead of cloth diapers

West Nile virus was identified in the Western Hemisphere during the summer of 1999 and was associated with human, equine, and avian deaths. This virus acquired how

Being bitten by an infected mosquito

This pathogen infects the intestine and is spread through contaminated water or food

Cholera

What problems are associated with untreated wastewater

Cholera and dysentery

Based on the diagram, why does a population in an area that has poor sanitation can be particularly at risk for a cholera outbreak

Cholera is caused by consuming contaminated food or drinks.

What is the reason why fish will die during an algal bloom

DECREASE OXYGEN PRODUCTION BY SEAWEED ON THE SEAFLOOR FROM AN INCREASE IN TURBIDITY.

How can you deal with eutrophication

DO NOT ADD NITRATES applying herbicides to kill nuisance plants dredging out lakes to deepen them pumping oxygen into the lowest layers of water introducing insects that eat certain nuisance plants

What is the goal of tertiary treatment

Disinfect and get rid of the bacteria

Ticks are vectors for various diseases. The ticks acquire the disease-causing organisms from what

Feeding on hosts animals

Factors that increase the spread of infectious diseases include what

Flooding, global warming, insect vector and rural poverty.

Critics of incineration of municipal solid waste suggests that it may not be the best solution for the future. Why

Incineration contributes to air pollution.

What would encourage recycling

Keeping recycling bins close by.

What is the primary method of waste disposal in the United States

Landfills.

What is the most serious immediate problem associated with sanitary landfills

Leachate contamination of groundwater.

Many homeowners are unaware that their garbage may contain hazardous waste, which should be taken to a designated hazardous waste dump site instead of being placed in their regular trash.List some common household hazardous waste

Lighbults, electrics, cleaners (not sewage).

This pathogen is primarily transmitted by mosquitoes and is found most often in sub-Saharan Africa

Malaria

What is a flammable gas produced by landfills

Methane.

What is an effective alternative to chlorine for disinfecting wastewater in a municipal treatment plant

Ozonation and Uv rays

In the United States, the largest single component of municipal solid waste is what

Paper.

What is the main purpose of primary treatment

Physical removal of large objects.

Large objects, such as sticks and rocks, are screened out and removed during this process

Primary treatment (a)

What is an advantage of recycling aluminum rather than disposing of it in landfills

Produced from recycled metal using much less energy than is required for its production from aluminum ore.

Which waste reduction strategies to decrease the landfill volume of packaging material from food and other consumer products is the most energy efficient

Promoting the use of reusable container for consumer goods.

Which law establishes cradle-to-grave tracking of hazardous waste

RCRA

What federal laws specifically deal with the cleanup of abandoned hazardous waste sites

Resource conservation and Recovery Act and CERCLA

This process results in the biological breakdown of most of the organic matter in the sewage

Secondary treatment ©

Why do more contaminants get leached when solid waste is crushed into small particles and put in contact with water than when the particles are large

Small particle have a larger surface area.

What is one of the most direct consequences of the trend in air travel in recent years

Spread of infectious diseases

This process uses chlorine, ultraviolet radiation, or ozone as part of the disinfection of wastewater

Tertiary Treatment (d)

Most plastics pose a special problem in the waste stream. Why

They decompose slowly, if at all, and persist as solid waste.

What are the two main water tests that would indicate the water is polluted with sewage

Using fecal coliform bacteria and BOD

What is an unintended result from recycling programs

When items are placed in recycling that cannot be recycled, the cost of recycling increases.

Incineration is one solution to reduce the volume of municipal solid waste. Municipal solid waste can be used to produce energy at waste-to-energy plants. What materials would be best suited for incineration to reduce total volume, produce energy, and have minimal release of air pollutants

Wood.

Why does oxygen need to be added during Secondary Treatment

encourages the growth of activated sludge and keep it alive

The activity with the health risk most likely to be overestimated by the general public in the United States is

living near a nuclear plant

Can we use the municipal sewage sludge as a fertilizer

no

Information gathered by a scientist about the toxicity of chemical X and chemical Y showed that they had individual safe limits for fish at particular concentrations. But when they were used together at safe concentrations, there were extensive fish kills. This is an example of

synergism

This pathogen infects the respiratory system, typically the lungs, and can spread through the air when a person coughs, sneezes, or talks

tuberculosis