8th Grade Earth Science FINAL
the scientific study of the atmosphere is called ____________
meteorology
The most significant roll for nitrogen in the atmosphere is to
Dilute oxygen to the level appropriate for life
the continuum of energetic waves known as light energy
Electromagnetic spectrum
Temperate zones the troposphere it lapse rate
Generally decreases from the surface to the tropopause
Steady temperature change associated with altitude change
Lapse rate
what is an example of conduction
The earth's surface warming the air directly above it
Which atmospheric layer directly affects radiocommunications on earth
The ionosphere
Which of the following layers would be most effective in protecting the earth from a solar flare
The magnetosphere
Which temperature layers are included in the homosphere
Troposphere, stratosphere, and mesosphere
how is a condensation nucleus different from a freezing nucleus
a condensation nucleus is in the air and the water vapor in the air attaches to it to form rain. A freezing nucleus gets water vapor to attach to it and then it freezes to form snow, sleet, or hail.
Describe the composition of clouds
a mass of extremely tiny water droplets or ice crystals in the air
measured in units of grams per cubic meter
absolute humidity
what prefix is used when naming mid-altitude cloud types
alto-
measures of compass degrees
anenometer
Where do plants get their carbon as part of the carbon cycle
atmosphere
in addition to being a protective layer, the magnetosphere also protects beautiful _____________
auroras
measure in lb.in squared , Pascals, and other units
barometer
what kind of instrument measures atmospheric pressure
barometer
what are the two common reference points of the Celsius and Fahrenheit and temperature scales
boiling and freezing
an example of a greenhouse gas is _________________
carbon dioxidef
which type of cloud never produces rain
cirrus
which weather conditions allow the earth surface to absorb the most heat from the sun
clear with low humidity
the air within a cyclonic system in the Southern Hemisphere moves in a __________ direction
clockwise
raindrops form as large cloud droplets begin to fall and collect other cloud droplets in a process known as _________________
coalescence
The most concentrated form of solar energy at the earth surface occurs when the rays...
come from straight overhead
the density currency that causes air to mix are an example of
convection
frost forms by the process of _______________
deposition
t/f Dew forms when warm air cools below the freezing point
false
t/f Except for the homosphere, the gas is in the rest of the atmosphere separate out until layers that are ordered by the number of atoms in their molecules
false
t/f Since ozone is made of oxygen, it is always beneficial to life
false
t/f almost all of the Sun's energy makes it to the earth's surface
false
t/f an atmosphere with 21% oxygen is good for us then an atmosphere with 100% oxygen would be much better
false
t/f the higher the temperature of the air, the more moisture it can hold
false
t/f the horse latitudes exist only in the Northern Hemisphere
false
t/f the ozone layer protects life on earth from dangerous radio waves from the sun
false
t/f unlike coal-fired and nuclear power plants, wind farms produce no adverse effects on the environment surrounding them
false
the atmospheric region above the Equator creates an area of permanent high pressure
false
Most plants in the world depend on _________________ nitrogen produced by soil and marine bacteria
fixed
if the dew point high in the troposphere is -3 degrees Celsius, then pollen grains and dust particles there will act as _____________
freezing
indirect warming of the atmosphere
greenhouse effect
where does fog develop
ground level
what gas or gases make up the exosphere
helium and molecular hydrogen
wind blows from areas of _______________________ to areas of __________________
high pressure; low pressure
where do hailstones form by convection
high up in the clouds
an instrument used to measure air humidity is called a(n)
hygrometer
measures in percentages
hygrometer
of the solar energy that makes up the solar constant, most of it is___________
infrared
fast winds that travel in paths in the stratosphere
jet streams
Sea breezes are caused by
land absorbing the sun's energy more rapidly than water does
the local wind that blows during the night and into early morning along a coast is a _____________
land breeze
a mountain breeze is an example of a __________
local wind
high-altitude cooking instructions generally require ________ cooking times since water boils at ___________ temperatures at higher altitudes
longer; lower
where does rain form
lower clouds
the paths that winds follow between cyclones and anticyclones are due to...
1. the Coriolis effect 2. friction 3. the pressure gradient
what is a true statement about the five qualities of weather
1. they can all be measured with scientific instruments 2. they all have different units of measurement 3. they all are part of weather models
What are some of the disadvantages and advantages of harnessing wind power in exercising dominion over the earth
ADVANTAGES: -clean fuel source -wind is unlimited -don't have to use coal that could harm the environment which isn't really wise dominion DISADVANTAGES: -the wind is inconsistent so you won't always get a steady income of energy -wind turbines take a lot of money to make -wildlife like birds could easily get hurt
nearly every year athin spot in the ozone layer develops over____________
Antarctica
The Haber-Bosch process is a(n)
Artificial chemical reaction that produces ammonia fertilizer
The envelope of gases surrounding the earth
Atmosphere
How does our atmosphere give evidence for divine design?
Our atmosphere gives evidence for divine design because it has been made exactly perfect for the needs of life on earth. God has made every detail of our atmosphere for us so we should praise Him for that.
a region extending thousands of kilometers into space that includes the exosphere and van Allen belts is called the ______________________
magnetosphere
Explain how the sun warms earth atmosphere by radiation, conduction, and convection
Sun warms the atmosphere by radiation because the Suns waves heat the air in the atmosphere. The sun heats our atmosphere by conduction when the heated ground touches the surface of the air. the sun warms our atmosphere by convection because when the air warms up it becomes less dense and therefore it gets replaced by denser, colder air.
Describe 3 special zones in the atmosphere. how is each one beneficial to people on earth?
The 3 specials zones in the atmosphere are the ozone layer the ionosphere and the magnetosphere. the ozone layer is a layer that surrounds the whole earth except for Antarctica in the fall, and is made up of oxygen. It is beneficial to life on earth because it protects us from UV rays. the ionosphere is another layer of the atmosphere that does not reflect radio waves. this is beneficial to us because this allows NASA to communicate through the ionosphere. the magnetosphere has the van Allen belts and protects us from solar flares.
where does frost/dew form
on the grass/ground
Evolutionist believe that the first life forms to appear would have been poisoned by the presence of _______________________ in the atmosphere
oxygen
Which of the following gases was not present in the earth's earliest atmosphere according to naturalistic scientists
oxygen
the gas called ozone is composed of ____________ atoms
oxygen
In the carbon cycle carbon is moved from the atmosphere into plants by___________________
photosynthesis
the rate of change of air pressure between two points in the atmosphere is the _________
pressure gradient
the global winds that blow from the east are called ___________________
prevailing easterlies
the three types of solid precipitation are snow, _____________________, and ___________
sleet; hail
The kind of air pollution that makes of many of our cities appear hazy is called
smog
Rate of solar energy flow that reaches the earth
solar constant
the rate at which solar energy enters the earth's atmosphere is called the _______________________
solar constant
the three basic shapes of clouds are flat layers or sheets called _____________, piles called _____________, and wispy curls called _____________
stratus; cumulus; cirrus
What causes the permanent low-pressure region at the Equator
the direct sunlight warming the air to make it rise
What is the single most significant difference between the heterosphere and the homosphere
the heterosphere is composed of separate gases, and the homosphere is composed of a uniform mixture of gases
Most of the direct solar energy that reaches the earth is absorbed by ___________________
the surface
three main belts of global surface winds? in which direction do the blow?
the three main belts of global surface winds are trade winds, prevailing westerlies, and polar easterlies. Trade winds blow from the subtropical region to the Equator. Prevailing westerlies blow from the subtropical region to the east. Lastly the polar easterlies blow from the east, and over the poles.
Radio waves reflect off the ionosphere. How can technicians on the ground communicate with the International Space Station
they rely on microwaves for long-distance communication
Ozone in the atmosphere is made up of ________________ oxygen atoms
three
what winds are felt between 0 degrees and 30 degrees
trade winds
the ionosphere extends upward from 75 km to a height of of about 500 kilometers. Which two temperature layers are not contained within the ionosphere?
troposhere and stratosphere
most of earths weather happens in the___________________
troposphere
t/f Chinooks and similar winds blow from high pressure in cold mountains to low pressure in lowlands, warming as they fall in altitude
true
t/f Nimbus clouds often bring rain
true
t/f a thermal convection current in the atmosphere is a kind of density current
true
t/f because the freezing and boiling points of water are easily reproduced, scientists used them to anchor temperature scales
true
t/f humans have a God given responsibility to take care of the atmosphere
true
t/f infrared rays are a key form of solar radiation
true
t/f lightning is a natural agent of nitrogen fixing
true
t/f supercooled cloud droplets exist as liquid at many degrees below freezing
true
t/f the Coriolis effect increases as latitude increases
true
t/f the magnetosphere is not spherical because of the solar wind
true
where does freezing rain actually freeze
when the raindrop hits a solid object
one kind of renewable energy technology that does not produce chemical pollutants uses ____________ turbines
wind
what energy source harnesses energy from the atmosphere?
wind energy
measures in knots
wind vane
what is a true statement abut a cyclone in the Northern hemisphere
winds circulate around it in the counterclockwise direction
