8th Grade Earth Science FINAL

the scientific study of the atmosphere is called ____________

meteorology

The most significant roll for nitrogen in the atmosphere is to

Dilute oxygen to the level appropriate for life

the continuum of energetic waves known as light energy

Electromagnetic spectrum

Temperate zones the troposphere it lapse rate

Generally decreases from the surface to the tropopause

Steady temperature change associated with altitude change

Lapse rate

what is an example of conduction

The earth's surface warming the air directly above it

Which atmospheric layer directly affects radiocommunications on earth

The ionosphere

Which of the following layers would be most effective in protecting the earth from a solar flare

The magnetosphere

Which temperature layers are included in the homosphere

Troposphere, stratosphere, and mesosphere

how is a condensation nucleus different from a freezing nucleus

a condensation nucleus is in the air and the water vapor in the air attaches to it to form rain. A freezing nucleus gets water vapor to attach to it and then it freezes to form snow, sleet, or hail.

Describe the composition of clouds

a mass of extremely tiny water droplets or ice crystals in the air

measured in units of grams per cubic meter

absolute humidity

what prefix is used when naming mid-altitude cloud types

alto-

measures of compass degrees

anenometer

Where do plants get their carbon as part of the carbon cycle

atmosphere

in addition to being a protective layer, the magnetosphere also protects beautiful _____________

auroras

measure in lb.in squared , Pascals, and other units

barometer

what kind of instrument measures atmospheric pressure

barometer

what are the two common reference points of the Celsius and Fahrenheit and temperature scales

boiling and freezing

an example of a greenhouse gas is _________________

carbon dioxidef

which type of cloud never produces rain

cirrus

which weather conditions allow the earth surface to absorb the most heat from the sun

clear with low humidity

the air within a cyclonic system in the Southern Hemisphere moves in a __________ direction

clockwise

raindrops form as large cloud droplets begin to fall and collect other cloud droplets in a process known as _________________

coalescence

The most concentrated form of solar energy at the earth surface occurs when the rays...

come from straight overhead

the density currency that causes air to mix are an example of

convection

frost forms by the process of _______________

deposition

t/f Dew forms when warm air cools below the freezing point

false

t/f Except for the homosphere, the gas is in the rest of the atmosphere separate out until layers that are ordered by the number of atoms in their molecules

false

t/f Since ozone is made of oxygen, it is always beneficial to life

false

t/f almost all of the Sun's energy makes it to the earth's surface

false

t/f an atmosphere with 21% oxygen is good for us then an atmosphere with 100% oxygen would be much better

false

t/f the higher the temperature of the air, the more moisture it can hold

false

t/f the horse latitudes exist only in the Northern Hemisphere

false

t/f the ozone layer protects life on earth from dangerous radio waves from the sun

false

t/f unlike coal-fired and nuclear power plants, wind farms produce no adverse effects on the environment surrounding them

false

the atmospheric region above the Equator creates an area of permanent high pressure

false

Most plants in the world depend on _________________ nitrogen produced by soil and marine bacteria

fixed

if the dew point high in the troposphere is -3 degrees Celsius, then pollen grains and dust particles there will act as _____________

freezing

indirect warming of the atmosphere

greenhouse effect

where does fog develop

ground level

what gas or gases make up the exosphere

helium and molecular hydrogen

wind blows from areas of _______________________ to areas of __________________

high pressure; low pressure

where do hailstones form by convection

high up in the clouds

an instrument used to measure air humidity is called a(n)

hygrometer

measures in percentages

hygrometer

of the solar energy that makes up the solar constant, most of it is___________

infrared

fast winds that travel in paths in the stratosphere

jet streams

Sea breezes are caused by

land absorbing the sun's energy more rapidly than water does

the local wind that blows during the night and into early morning along a coast is a _____________

land breeze

a mountain breeze is an example of a __________

local wind

high-altitude cooking instructions generally require ________ cooking times since water boils at ___________ temperatures at higher altitudes

longer; lower

where does rain form

lower clouds

the paths that winds follow between cyclones and anticyclones are due to...

1. the Coriolis effect 2. friction 3. the pressure gradient

what is a true statement about the five qualities of weather

1. they can all be measured with scientific instruments 2. they all have different units of measurement 3. they all are part of weather models

What are some of the disadvantages and advantages of harnessing wind power in exercising dominion over the earth

ADVANTAGES: -clean fuel source -wind is unlimited -don't have to use coal that could harm the environment which isn't really wise dominion DISADVANTAGES: -the wind is inconsistent so you won't always get a steady income of energy -wind turbines take a lot of money to make -wildlife like birds could easily get hurt

nearly every year athin spot in the ozone layer develops over____________

Antarctica

The Haber-Bosch process is a(n)

Artificial chemical reaction that produces ammonia fertilizer

The envelope of gases surrounding the earth

Atmosphere

How does our atmosphere give evidence for divine design?

Our atmosphere gives evidence for divine design because it has been made exactly perfect for the needs of life on earth. God has made every detail of our atmosphere for us so we should praise Him for that.

a region extending thousands of kilometers into space that includes the exosphere and van Allen belts is called the ______________________

magnetosphere

Explain how the sun warms earth atmosphere by radiation, conduction, and convection

Sun warms the atmosphere by radiation because the Suns waves heat the air in the atmosphere. The sun heats our atmosphere by conduction when the heated ground touches the surface of the air. the sun warms our atmosphere by convection because when the air warms up it becomes less dense and therefore it gets replaced by denser, colder air.

Describe 3 special zones in the atmosphere. how is each one beneficial to people on earth?

The 3 specials zones in the atmosphere are the ozone layer the ionosphere and the magnetosphere. the ozone layer is a layer that surrounds the whole earth except for Antarctica in the fall, and is made up of oxygen. It is beneficial to life on earth because it protects us from UV rays. the ionosphere is another layer of the atmosphere that does not reflect radio waves. this is beneficial to us because this allows NASA to communicate through the ionosphere. the magnetosphere has the van Allen belts and protects us from solar flares.

where does frost/dew form

on the grass/ground

Evolutionist believe that the first life forms to appear would have been poisoned by the presence of _______________________ in the atmosphere

oxygen

Which of the following gases was not present in the earth's earliest atmosphere according to naturalistic scientists

oxygen

the gas called ozone is composed of ____________ atoms

oxygen

In the carbon cycle carbon is moved from the atmosphere into plants by___________________

photosynthesis

the rate of change of air pressure between two points in the atmosphere is the _________

pressure gradient

the global winds that blow from the east are called ___________________

prevailing easterlies

the three types of solid precipitation are snow, _____________________, and ___________

sleet; hail

The kind of air pollution that makes of many of our cities appear hazy is called

smog

Rate of solar energy flow that reaches the earth

solar constant

the rate at which solar energy enters the earth's atmosphere is called the _______________________

solar constant

the three basic shapes of clouds are flat layers or sheets called _____________, piles called _____________, and wispy curls called _____________

stratus; cumulus; cirrus

What causes the permanent low-pressure region at the Equator

the direct sunlight warming the air to make it rise

What is the single most significant difference between the heterosphere and the homosphere

the heterosphere is composed of separate gases, and the homosphere is composed of a uniform mixture of gases

Most of the direct solar energy that reaches the earth is absorbed by ___________________

the surface

three main belts of global surface winds? in which direction do the blow?

the three main belts of global surface winds are trade winds, prevailing westerlies, and polar easterlies. Trade winds blow from the subtropical region to the Equator. Prevailing westerlies blow from the subtropical region to the east. Lastly the polar easterlies blow from the east, and over the poles.

Radio waves reflect off the ionosphere. How can technicians on the ground communicate with the International Space Station

they rely on microwaves for long-distance communication

Ozone in the atmosphere is made up of ________________ oxygen atoms

three

what winds are felt between 0 degrees and 30 degrees

trade winds

the ionosphere extends upward from 75 km to a height of of about 500 kilometers. Which two temperature layers are not contained within the ionosphere?

troposhere and stratosphere

most of earths weather happens in the___________________

troposphere

t/f Chinooks and similar winds blow from high pressure in cold mountains to low pressure in lowlands, warming as they fall in altitude

true

t/f Nimbus clouds often bring rain

true

t/f a thermal convection current in the atmosphere is a kind of density current

true

t/f because the freezing and boiling points of water are easily reproduced, scientists used them to anchor temperature scales

true

t/f humans have a God given responsibility to take care of the atmosphere

true

t/f infrared rays are a key form of solar radiation

true

t/f lightning is a natural agent of nitrogen fixing

true

t/f supercooled cloud droplets exist as liquid at many degrees below freezing

true

t/f the Coriolis effect increases as latitude increases

true

t/f the magnetosphere is not spherical because of the solar wind

true

where does freezing rain actually freeze

when the raindrop hits a solid object

one kind of renewable energy technology that does not produce chemical pollutants uses ____________ turbines

wind

what energy source harnesses energy from the atmosphere?

wind energy

measures in knots

wind vane

what is a true statement abut a cyclone in the Northern hemisphere

winds circulate around it in the counterclockwise direction