9TH GRADE BIOLOGY: KINGDOM ANIMALIA
What is Class Cestoda
"Tapeworms" 7 different types common to humans Parasitic: Infect intestines and absorb nutrients Leads to fatigue and infections Beef Tapeworm: Taenia saginata Pork Tapeworm: Taenia solium Dog Tapeworm: Dipylidium caninum Some can grow up to 6 meters in length!
What are Class Trematoda
"The Flukes" Parasitic: Live on host's fluids Simplified or no digestive system Reduced nervous system Reduced motility (or none) Complex reproduction and life cycles
What is class Scyphozoa
"cup animals" They have a life cycle in which they can be found in the medusa or polyp form
What is Platyhelminthes
"flat worms" Acoelomate Organ system level One opening Systems: Nervous, Digestive, Reproductive, excretory No circulatory or respiratory system Bilateral Symmetry: Sets the stage for cephalization Early flatworms used "head" to burrow in the sand Sensory structures thus needed in anterior region
What is Class Turbellaria
"free living" Common FW Species Free living Nervous System Eyespots Head region with Ganglia
What is Cnidaria
"hollow gut"...stinging Tissue level of organization Radial Symmetry One opening polyp form medusa form
What is Arthropoda
"jointed appendages" Jointed appendages: Movable extensions of the body Segmented body: Head, Thorax, Abdomen Outer skeleton: Exoskeleton (chitin) Protein and carbohydrate Waxy outer layer: water proofing Hard middle layer: support/protection Inner layer: flexible at joints for movement Exoskeleton must be shed. Molting
What is Porifera
"pore-bearers"...sponges The simplest of all animals cellular level of organization Asymmetrical or radial symmetry
What is Nematoda
"round worms" Pseudocoelom Complete Digestive System Mouth, Intestine, Anus (alimentary canal) Separate Sexes Infections divided into two categories Egg is infective Larva is infective
What is Annelidae
"segmented worms" Most complex worms Circular and longitudinal muscles Three tissue layers True coelom: Body cavity lined with mesoderm on both sides. Earthworms, leeches, many marine worms
What is Mollusca
"soft-bodied" Bilateral Symmetry True coelom Examples: Snails, Slugs, Mussels, Oysters, scallops, Squid, Octopi
What is Echinodermata
"spiny-skinned" All Marine organisms Most advanced invertebrates (embryology) Radial Symmetry (penta-radial)
What are the 3 processes that occur after fertilization
1. Cell division 2. Morphogenesis 3. Differentiation
What are Ganglia
A bundle of nerves used for stimulus and response Sensitive to touch and light
What are the 3 types of organisms
Acoelomate Pseudocoelomate Coelomate
What is Asymmetrical body plan arrangement
An arrangement of body parts that can't be divided into corresponding sections
What is Acoelomate
An organism with no body cavity
What is animal
Animals are multi-cellular Animals are organized Animals show movement at some point in their lives An animal has a support system An animal needs nutrition Animals reproduce
Name the 4 types of body plan arrangements
Asymmetrical Spherical Symmetry Radial Symmetry Bilateral Symmetry
What is Coelomate
Body Cavity completely lined with mesodermal derivative
What is Pseudocoelomate
Body cavity incompletely lined with mesodermal derivative
What are the characteristics of a sea star or starfish
Calcium Carbonate skeletal plates Tube Feet with suction cups Central disc where mouth is located (ventral surface) Digestion: Uses tube feet to pull clams apart. Turns stomach inside out and slips it into the clam. Releases enzymes and sucks up the liquid Nervous system: Simple nerve ring surrounds mouth and extends down each "ray". Light sensitive eye spots at the end of each ray. Respiration: Breathes through skin gills on surface. Movement: Water vascular system. Ring and radial canal Reproduction: External and sexual OR Asexual (regeneration)
What are the 5 major classes of Arthropods
Class Insecta: Flies, butterflies, beetles, bees Class Arachnidae: Spiders, scorpion, mites, ticks Class Crustacea: Crayfish, crabs, pillbugs, shrimp Class Diplopoda: Millipedes Class Chilipoda: Centipedes
What is Phylum Chordata
Contains three subphyla: Urochordata Cephalochordata Vertebrata (animals with a backbone)
What is Endoderm
Digestive, respiratory system, liver and pancreas
What are Invertebrates
Do Not have a backbone
What are the 3 germ layers
Ectoderm Mesoderm Endoderm
What is the purpose of Malpighian Tubules
Excretion of nitrogenous waste
What is Ectoderm
Forms the epidermis of the skin, nervous system, nose & mouth lining, tooth enamel, hair and nails
What is Bilateral Symmetry
Half of the body is a mirror image of the other half
What are the 8 Orders of Insects
Orthoptera: Grasshoppers, Crickets Isoptera: Termites Hemiptera: "True bugs", Squash bugs Homoptera: Cicadas, aphids Diptera: Flies, gnats, mosquitos Lepidoptera: Butterflies, moths Hymenoptera: Ants, bees, wasps Coleoptera: Beetles, firelies, ladybugs
What is Spherical Symmetry
Round or oval
What is Mesoderm
Skeletal, muscular, excretory, circulatory and reproductive systems
What is a Coelom
a mesodermally derived and lined body cavity between the gut and body wall
What is polyp
asexual and sessile
What is Radial Symmetry
body parts are arranged around a central point
What are nematocysts
coiled stingers that paralyze prey and the tentacles pull it into the gastrovascular cavity
What is extracellular
digestive enzymes break down the food
What is Endoparasite
inside the host
What is sexual reproduction
internal fertilization using carrier cells. flagellated larva
What is Ectoparasite
outside the host
What is asexual reproduction
regeneration and fragmentation
What is medusa
sexual and motile
What are flame cells
they expel excess water and liquid waste
What is tumbling
when hydra move through a series of summersaults
