9TH GRADE BIOLOGY: KINGDOM ANIMALIA

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What is Class Cestoda

"Tapeworms" 7 different types common to humans Parasitic: Infect intestines and absorb nutrients Leads to fatigue and infections Beef Tapeworm: Taenia saginata Pork Tapeworm: Taenia solium Dog Tapeworm: Dipylidium caninum Some can grow up to 6 meters in length!

What are Class Trematoda

"The Flukes" Parasitic: Live on host's fluids Simplified or no digestive system Reduced nervous system Reduced motility (or none) Complex reproduction and life cycles

What is class Scyphozoa

"cup animals" They have a life cycle in which they can be found in the medusa or polyp form

What is Platyhelminthes

"flat worms" Acoelomate Organ system level One opening Systems: Nervous, Digestive, Reproductive, excretory No circulatory or respiratory system Bilateral Symmetry: Sets the stage for cephalization Early flatworms used "head" to burrow in the sand Sensory structures thus needed in anterior region

What is Class Turbellaria

"free living" Common FW Species Free living Nervous System Eyespots Head region with Ganglia

What is Cnidaria

"hollow gut"...stinging Tissue level of organization Radial Symmetry One opening polyp form medusa form

What is Arthropoda

"jointed appendages" Jointed appendages: Movable extensions of the body Segmented body: Head, Thorax, Abdomen Outer skeleton: Exoskeleton (chitin) Protein and carbohydrate Waxy outer layer: water proofing Hard middle layer: support/protection Inner layer: flexible at joints for movement Exoskeleton must be shed. Molting

What is Porifera

"pore-bearers"...sponges The simplest of all animals cellular level of organization Asymmetrical or radial symmetry

What is Nematoda

"round worms" Pseudocoelom Complete Digestive System Mouth, Intestine, Anus (alimentary canal) Separate Sexes Infections divided into two categories Egg is infective Larva is infective

What is Annelidae

"segmented worms" Most complex worms Circular and longitudinal muscles Three tissue layers True coelom: Body cavity lined with mesoderm on both sides. Earthworms, leeches, many marine worms

What is Mollusca

"soft-bodied" Bilateral Symmetry True coelom Examples: Snails, Slugs, Mussels, Oysters, scallops, Squid, Octopi

What is Echinodermata

"spiny-skinned" All Marine organisms Most advanced invertebrates (embryology) Radial Symmetry (penta-radial)

What are the 3 processes that occur after fertilization

1. Cell division 2. Morphogenesis 3. Differentiation

What are Ganglia

A bundle of nerves used for stimulus and response Sensitive to touch and light

What are the 3 types of organisms

Acoelomate Pseudocoelomate Coelomate

What is Asymmetrical body plan arrangement

An arrangement of body parts that can't be divided into corresponding sections

What is Acoelomate

An organism with no body cavity

What is animal

Animals are multi-cellular Animals are organized Animals show movement at some point in their lives An animal has a support system An animal needs nutrition Animals reproduce

Name the 4 types of body plan arrangements

Asymmetrical Spherical Symmetry Radial Symmetry Bilateral Symmetry

What is Coelomate

Body Cavity completely lined with mesodermal derivative

What is Pseudocoelomate

Body cavity incompletely lined with mesodermal derivative

What are the characteristics of a sea star or starfish

Calcium Carbonate skeletal plates Tube Feet with suction cups Central disc where mouth is located (ventral surface) Digestion: Uses tube feet to pull clams apart. Turns stomach inside out and slips it into the clam. Releases enzymes and sucks up the liquid Nervous system: Simple nerve ring surrounds mouth and extends down each "ray". Light sensitive eye spots at the end of each ray. Respiration: Breathes through skin gills on surface. Movement: Water vascular system. Ring and radial canal Reproduction: External and sexual OR Asexual (regeneration)

What are the 5 major classes of Arthropods

Class Insecta: Flies, butterflies, beetles, bees Class Arachnidae: Spiders, scorpion, mites, ticks Class Crustacea: Crayfish, crabs, pillbugs, shrimp Class Diplopoda: Millipedes Class Chilipoda: Centipedes

What is Phylum Chordata

Contains three subphyla: Urochordata Cephalochordata Vertebrata (animals with a backbone)

What is Endoderm

Digestive, respiratory system, liver and pancreas

What are Invertebrates

Do Not have a backbone

What are the 3 germ layers

Ectoderm Mesoderm Endoderm

What is the purpose of Malpighian Tubules

Excretion of nitrogenous waste

What is Ectoderm

Forms the epidermis of the skin, nervous system, nose & mouth lining, tooth enamel, hair and nails

What is Bilateral Symmetry

Half of the body is a mirror image of the other half

What are the 8 Orders of Insects

Orthoptera: Grasshoppers, Crickets Isoptera: Termites Hemiptera: "True bugs", Squash bugs Homoptera: Cicadas, aphids Diptera: Flies, gnats, mosquitos Lepidoptera: Butterflies, moths Hymenoptera: Ants, bees, wasps Coleoptera: Beetles, firelies, ladybugs

What is Spherical Symmetry

Round or oval

What is Mesoderm

Skeletal, muscular, excretory, circulatory and reproductive systems

What is a Coelom

a mesodermally derived and lined body cavity between the gut and body wall

What is polyp

asexual and sessile

What is Radial Symmetry

body parts are arranged around a central point

What are nematocysts

coiled stingers that paralyze prey and the tentacles pull it into the gastrovascular cavity

What is extracellular

digestive enzymes break down the food

What is Endoparasite

inside the host

What is sexual reproduction

internal fertilization using carrier cells. flagellated larva

What is Ectoparasite

outside the host

What is asexual reproduction

regeneration and fragmentation

What is medusa

sexual and motile

What are flame cells

they expel excess water and liquid waste

What is tumbling

when hydra move through a series of summersaults


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