A & P - Ch 10

What is most likely to be the action of the extensor digitorum? (Hint: What does the name mean?) -Open the eyes -Extend the digits -Flex the elbow -Rotate the thigh

Extend the digits

What are the actions of the trapezius? -Flexes the lumbar vertebral column -Extends and laterally flexes neck -Flexes the back; stabilizes scapula during arm flexion -Rotation of vertebral column

Extends and laterally flexes neck

Which property allows muscle cells to stretch to as much as three times their contracted length? Multiple choice question. Contractility Conductivity Extensibility Elasticity

Extensibility

Thin filaments are primarily composed of which protein? Multiple choice question. Dystrophin Elastin F actin Myosin

F actin

Choose all of the following that are found in thin filaments. Multiple select question. Titin F actin Myosin Tropomyosin Troponin

F actin Tropomyosin Troponin

True or false: Muscles acting as antagonists produce most of the force during a particular joint action.

False

On its outer surface, the epimysium is continuous with which of the following? -Fascia -Endomysium -Sarcolemma -Perimysium

Fascia

On its outer surface, the epimysium is continuous with which of the following? -Perimysium -Endomysium -Sarcolemma -Fascia

Fascia

Which term refers to a sheet of connective tissue that separates neighboring muscles or muscle groups? -Endomysium -Fascia -Perimysium -Epimysium

Fascia

Which term refers to bundles of muscle fibers, wrapped in connective tissue, within a muscle? -Compartments -Fascicles -Striations -Tendons

Fascicles

Which term refers to bundles of muscle fibers, wrapped in connective tissue, within a muscle? -Tendons -Compartments -Striations -Fascicles

Fascicles

Which stem cells fuse to form a muscle fiber? Multiple choice question. Sarcoblasts Myoblasts Promyocytes Fibroblasts

Myoblasts

True or false: A muscle described as having a direct attachment is attached to the bone via a tendon or aponeurosis.

false

Groups of muscles are separated by which of the following? epimysium fascicles perimysium fascia endomysium

fascia

A muscle that holds a bone steady during an action is called a(n)

fixator

A muscle that is thick in the middle and tapered at each end is classified as a ____________ muscle.

fusiform

The biceps brachii and the gastrocnemius are examples of ______ muscles. fusiform parallel circular triangular

fusiform

Muscle cells contain ____________, a starch-like carbohydrate that provides energy during intense exercise.

glycogen

Which term refers to a broad, sheet-like tendon? -Ligament -Aponeurosis -Retinaculum -Intermuscular septum

aponeurosis

Skeletal muscle exhibits alternating light and dark bands called _____________.

striations

Connective tissue structures that attach bone to muscle are called ___________

tendons

Which stem cells fuse to form a muscle fiber? Multiple choice question. Fibroblasts Myoblasts Promyocytes Sarcoblasts

Myoblasts

Which describes a muscle fascicle? -Several muscles grouped together, all performing related functions -A bundle of muscle fibers surrounded by connective tissue -A single muscle cell -A connective tissue structure anchoring a muscle to bone

A bundle of muscle fibers surrounded by connective tissue

What is the perimysium? -A layer of loose connective tissue layer surrounding each individual muscle cell -The plasma membrane of an individual muscle cell -A connective tissue sheath surrounding an entire muscle -A connective tissue sheath bundling many muscle fibers into a fascicle

A connective tissue sheath bundling many muscle fibers into a fascicle

Which describes the endomysium? -A connective tissue sheath bundling many muscle fibers into a fascicle -The plasma membrane of an individual muscle cell -A loose connective tissue layer around each individual muscle cell -A connective tissue sheath surrounding an entire muscle

A loose connective tissue layer around each individual muscle cell

What is myoglobin? Multiple choice question. A hormone that triggers contraction A molecule that stores oxygen in muscles A carbohydrate that provides a muscle cell with energy An enzyme found in the synaptic cleft

A molecule that stores oxygen in muscles

What is an intrinsic muscle? -A muscle that is contained entirely within one region of the body -A muscle that holds a bone still during a particular movement -A muscle that appears to emerge directly from the bone with no visible gap or tendon -A muscle that arises from one region, but acts upon a different region

A muscle that is contained entirely within one region of the body

What is a neuromuscular junction? Multiple choice question. A site where a nerve fiber communicates with a muscle fiber Where a synaptic bulb is attached to a T-tubule A site in the spinal cord where nerve impulses from the somatic receptors are received A passageway into a muscle for arteries and veins

A site where a nerve fiber communicates with a muscle fiber

What is fascia? -A thin sleeve of connective tissue surrounding an individual muscle fiber -A thick sheet of connective tissue separating neighboring groups of muscles -The plasma membrane of a muscle cell -A connective tissue sheath encircling an individual muscle fascicle

A thick sheet of connective tissue separating neighboring groups of muscles

I bands are composed primarily of which protein? Multiple choice question. Titin Elastin Actin Myosin

Actin

Which term is another word for prime mover? -Agonist -Fixator -Antagonist -Synergist

Agonist

Which term refers to a muscle that produces most of the force during a particular joint action? -Antagonist -Fixator -Agonist -Synergist

Agonist

What is a motor unit? Multiple choice question. All of the muscle fibers innervated by a single motor nerve fiber All of the nerve fibers that innervate a muscle group A muscle unit within the epimysium A single bundle of fascicles

All of the muscle fibers innervated by a single motor nerve fiber

Which term refers to a broad, sheet-like tendon? -Retinaculum -Ligament -Intermuscular septum -Aponeurosis

Aponeurosis

The perimysium contains which of the following? (Select all that apply) -Blood vessels -Bone tissue -Muscle spindles -Nerves

Blood vessels, muscle spindles, nerves

Fasciae separate muscles into functional groups. Which term refers to these enclosed groups of muscles? -Aponeuroses -Fixators -Antagonists -Compartments

Compartments

What is the ability of muscle cells to shorten called? Multiple choice question. Elasticity Conductivity Excitability Contractility

Contractility

What are the functions of skeletal muscle? (select all that apply) -Control of body openings and passages -Formation of new blood cells -Heat production -Blood sugar regulation

Control of body openings and passages, Heat production, Blood sugar regulation

Muscle and nerve cells have developed which characteristic more than other cells? Multiple choice question. Movement Reproduction Permeability Excitability

Excitability

Which muscle forms a dome between the thoracic and abdominal cavities? -Transverse abdominal -Splenius cervicis -Trapezius -Diaphragm

Diaphragm

Which are classified as respiratory muscles? Trapezius Splenius capitis Diaphragm External intercostals Internal intercostals

Diaphragm, External intercostals, Internal intercostals

What is the action of the zygomaticus major? -Compresses the cheeks -Elevates the mandible and closes the jaw -Closes the eye in blinking and squinting -Draws the angle of the mouth upward and laterally

Draws the angle of the mouth upward and laterally

Which prevents muscle cells from becoming too slack? Multiple choice question. Conductivity Extensibility Excitability Elasticity

Elasticity

What is a difference in electrical charge from one point to another called? Multiple choice question. Electrical potential Battery Charge difference Anion gap

Electrical potential

The external intercostal muscles do which of the following? Multiple choice question. Compress abdominal viscera Depress the diaphragm Elevate and protract ribs during inspiration Depress and retract ribs during expiration

Elevate and protract ribs during inspiration

What is the action of the external intercostals? Depress ribs during inspiration Elevate and protract ribs during inspiration Depress ribs during expiration Retract the ribs during inspiration

Elevate and protract ribs during inspiration

Blood capillaries are able to reach every muscle fiber because they run extensively through which of the following? -Endomysium -Epimysium -Perimysium -Fascia

Endomysium

Which surrounds the muscle fiber and creates room for nerve fibers? -Fascia -Perimysium -Epimysium -Endomysium

Endomysium

The epimysium is a connective tissue sheath that wraps around which of the following? -Groups of muscles -Muscle fascicle -Entire muscle -Muscle fiber

Entire muscle

Which connective tissue layer surrounds the entire muscle? Multiple choice question. Epimysium Endomysium Perimysium

Epimysium

Which term refers to the connective tissue layer that surrounds the entire muscle? -Perimysium -Epimysium -Endomysium -Fascia

Epimysium

Which describes a pennate muscle? -Thick in the middle with narrow tapered ends -Feather-like and fasciculi insert obliquely into the tendon. -Broad at one end and narrow at the opposite end -Ring-shaped and fasciculi surround body openings.

Feather-like and fasciculi insert obliquely into the tendon.

Which term refers to a muscle that prevents a bone from moving during an action? -Prime mover -Antagonist -Fixator -Agonist

Fixator

What are muscle compartments? -Bundles of myofibrils surrounded by sarcoplasmic reticulum -Groups of fascicles inserted obliquely on a tendon -Bundles of muscle fibers surrounded by perimysium -Functional groups of muscles surrounded by fascia

Functional groups of muscles surrounded by fascia

Within a sarcomere, the region within the A band that lacks thin filaments is called the _________ band.

H

The especially thick fasciae that separate the muscle compartments of the arm are known as _________ septa.

Intermuscular

During a particular joint action, an antagonist may do which of the following? (Select all that apply) -Limits the speed or range of the action by opposing the other muscles involved -Relaxes to allow other muscles to have control over the action -Holds the bone (to which it is attached) steady during the action -Generates most of the force needed to produce the action

Limits the speed or range of the action by opposing the other muscles involved, relaxes to allow other muscles to have control over the action

Choose all that are the skeletal attachments of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. -Mastoid process -Scapula -Zygomatic arch -Manubrium and clavicle

Mastoid process, manubrium, and clavicle

A muscle that is acting as a synergist during a joint action may do which of the following? -Relax to give the primer mover complete control over the action -Modify the direction of the movement produced by the prime mover -Stabilize a joint to restrict undesirable movements of a bone -Contract together with the prime mover to produce more power

Modify the direction of the movement produced by the prime mover, stabilize a joint to restrict undesirable movements of a bone, contract together with the prime mover to produce more power

Which are attachments of the orbicularis oris? -Skin around margin of orbit -Tissue of lips -Lower eyelids -Modiolus at angle of mouth -Upper eyelids

Modiolus at angle of mouth and tissue of lips

What is the indented region of the sarcolemma that participates in the neuromuscular junction called? Multiple choice question. Myolemma Telodendrion Motor end plate Synaptic knob

Motor end plate

What is the action of the pectoralis minor? Multiple choice question. Extends and rotates the vertebral column Moves scapula laterally and forward Extends and medially rotates humerus Flexes and adducts humerus

Moves scapula laterally and forward

The perimysium is a connective tissue sheath that surrounds which of the following? -Muscle fascicles -The entire muscle -Groups of muscles -Individual muscle fibers

Muscle fascicles

The endomysium is a connective tissue sheath that wraps around which of the following? -Muscle fiber -Groups of muscles -Entire muscle -Muscle fascicle

Muscle fiber

The partial contraction of a resting muscle is known as which of the following? Multiple choice question. Rigor mortis Muscle tone Wave summation Tetany

Muscle tone

The diaphragm and intercostal muscles are classified as which of the following? -Muscles of facial expression -Muscles of chewing and swallowing -Muscles of respiration -Muscles acting on the head

Muscles of respiration

Which protein makes up the thick filaments of a myofibril? Multiple choice question. Actin Myosin Tropomyosin Troponin

Myosin

Knowing the innervation to each muscle enables clinicians to diagnose which of the following? -Nerve, spinal cord, and brain stem injuries -Broken bones -Osteoarthritis -Damage to blood vessels serving muscles

Nerve, spinal cord, and brain stem injuries

The muscular system at rest receives approximately how much of the blood pumped by the heart? -Three-quarters -One-half -One-quarter -One-tenth

One-quarter

Muscle fibers are bundled together into fascicles by which connective tissue layer? Multiple choice question. Perimysium Epimysium Endomysium

Perimysium

Projections extending from the inner surface of the epimysium form which of the following? -Perimysium -Endomysium -Sarcolemma -Fascia

Perimysium

Stretch receptors called muscle spindles are located within which connective tissue layer? -Epimysium -Perimysium -Endomysium

Perimysium

Which term refers to the loose connective tissue layer that surrounds skeletal muscle fascicles? -Epimysium -Endomysium -Fascia -Perimysium

Perimysium

Which stem cells remain located between a muscle fiber and the endomysium? Multiple choice question. Fibrocytes Myoblasts Satellite cells Myocytes

Satellite cells

Which are functions of the endomysium? (Select all that apply) -Separates individual muscle fibers -Creates room for capillaries and nerve fibers to reach every muscle fiber -Contains stretch receptors called muscle spindles

Separates individual muscle fibers and creates room for capillaries and nerve fibers to reach every muscle fiber

Which are functions of the endomysium? (Select all that apply) -Separates individual muscle fibers -Contains stretch receptors called muscle spindles -Creates room for capillaries and nerve fibers to reach every muscle fiber

Separates individual muscle fibers, creates room for capillaries and nerve fibers to reach every muscle fiber

The manubrium, clavicle, and mastoid process are skeletal attachments of which of the following? -Scalenes -Sternocleidomastoid -Trapezius -Splenius Capitis

Sternocleidomastoid

The synaptic knob does not touch the muscle fiber but is separated by which structure? Multiple choice question. Motor end plate Sarcolemma Synaptic cleft Schwann cell

Synaptic cleft

The biceps brachii helps the brachialis flex the elbow. Which term best describes the role of the biceps brachii during elbow flexion? -Synergist -Antagonist -Fixator -Extensor

Synergist

Which term refers to a muscle that does not produce most of the force, but instead works together with other muscles to help cause a movement? -Antagonist -Synergist -Agonist -Fixator

Synergist

Which term refers to a muscle that does not produce most of the force, but instead works together with other muscles to help cause a movement? -Synergist -Antagonist -Fixator -Agonist

Synergist

Which membranous structures conduct impulses through the sarcoplasm to stimulate the release of calcium? Multiple choice question. T-tubules Sarcomeres Myosin Troponin

T-tubules

What does the term "depressor" refer to in the name depressor labii inferioris? -The location of the muscle -The shape of the muscle -The action of the muscle -The length of the muscle

The action of the muscle

What causes skeletal muscle cells to be striated? Multiple choice question. The alternating arrangement of red and white fibers The alternating bands of tropomyosin and actin The alternating light and dark regions of the sarcomeres

The alternating light and dark regions of the sarcomeres

Which is an example of an aponeurosis? -The feather-like structure of the rectus femoris -The thick sheet of connective tissue that separates the lateral and posterior compartments of the arm -The broad, sheet-like tendon located beneath the scalp -The fibrous joint formed by a tooth in its socket

The broad, sheet-like tendon located beneath the scalp

A muscle is described as having an indirect attachment if which of the following statements is true? -The muscle ends in a tendon and the tendon attaches to the bone. -The muscle fibers are attached to the bone by short collagen fibers. -The muscle attaches to soft tissue (such as skin) instead of bone. -The muscle tissue emerges directly from the bone.

The muscle ends in a tendon and the tendon attaches to the bone.

What are intermuscular septa? -Alternating light and dark bands visible when skeletal muscle tissue is viewed under a microscope -Thin sleeves of connective tissue that surround each muscle fiber -Thick fasciae that separate muscles into compartments -Parallel strands visible when skeletal muscle is viewed with the naked eye such as the "grain" of a cut of meat

Thick fasciae that separate muscles into compartments

What is the function of T-tubules? Multiple choice question. To stimulate the terminal cisternae to release sodium To stimulate the terminal cisternae to release calcium To stimulate the terminal cisternae to release acetylcholine

To stimulate the terminal cisternae to release calcium

Which are muscles of the anterior abdominal wall? Multiple select question. Transverse abdominal Rectus abdominis External abdominal oblique Diaphragm Latissimus dorsi Internal abdominal oblique

Transverse abdominal Rectus abdominis External abdominal oblique Internal abdominal oblique

Which muscle works to compress abdominal contents and to maintain posture, but does NOT contribute to movement of the vertebral column? Rectus abdominis External abdominal oblique Transversus abdominis Internal abdominal oblique

Transversus abdominis

Which is a large diamond-shaped muscle that extends from the neck, over the shoulders, and halfway down the back? -Temporalis -Trapezius -Sternocleidomastoid -Masseter

Trapezius

Select all that apply What are two regulatory proteins found in a myofibril? Multiple select question. Myosin Actin Tropomyosin Troponin

Tropomyosin Troponin

What happens when calcium ions bind to troponin? Multiple choice question. Tropomyosin moves off the active site on actin. Troponin binds to myosin. The myosin head binds to tropomyosin.

Tropomyosin moves off the active site on actin.

Which is a quick cycle of contraction in a whole muscle that occurs when a threshold level stimulus is reached? Multiple choice question. Tetany Rigor Twitch Treppe

Twitch

Because skeletal muscle is under the conscious control it is said to be which of the following? Multiple choice question. Voluntary Involuntary Smooth Visceral

Voluntary

Which is found in thin filaments but is not a regulatory protein? Multiple choice question. Troponin Tropomyosin Actin Myosin

actin

The loose connective tissue layer that surrounds individual muscle cells is called the

endomysium

The term that refers to the identity of the nerve that stimulates a muscle is

innervation

Muscles that are entirely contained within a particular region are called ____________ muscles.

intrinsic

Muscle cells contain ____________ , a red pigment that stores oxygen needed for muscular activity.

myoglobin

The protein found in muscle cells that stores and then releases oxygen when needed is called

myoglobin

In a myofibril, a thick filament is composed of pairs of __________ molecules intertwined together.

myosin

A synapse is the point where a nerve fiber meets a target cell. When the target cell is a muscle fiber, this type of synapse is called a ____________ junction.

neuromuscular

The muscle that attaches at the modiolus (angle) of the mouth and inserts in the tissue of the lips is the orbicularis

oris

The rectus abdominis and the sartorius are examples of ______ muscles. -fusiform -pennate -parallel -triangular

parallel

The palmar interosseous muscles of the hand and semimembranosus muscle of the thigh are examples of what types of muscles. -Circular -Fusiform -Parallel -Pennate

pennate

The portion of a myofibril from one Z disc to the next is called a(n)

sarcomere

The pectoralis major and temporalis muscles are examples of ______ muscles. -triangular -fusiform -circular -parallel

triangular

In a thin filament, each tropomyosin molecule has a small calcium-binding protein called _________ bound to it.

troponin