history test 2

Benjamin Rush, a Philadelphia doctor and scientist, noted that unexpected changes were on the way: "The American war is over: but this is far from being the case with the American Revolution. On the contrary, but the first act of the great drama is closed." Identify the examples of the political or social changes the Revolutionary War inspired

Americans insisted on freedom of religion. Workers wanted to remove the elite's social and political powers. Voting qualifications were lowered

After the colonies declared independence in 1776, the Articles of Confederation established a new American government in 1777. Americans did not trust powerful centralized governments after their experience with the British monarchy. What were some of the ways that the new Confederation government kept the national government in check

An amendment required the unanimous vote of both Congress and all thirteen state legislatures. The Articles of Confederation established a congress, and members were appointed by the state legislatures, but it did not establish a presidency. The Articles of Confederation granted limited wartime powers to Congress and could not impose taxes or enforce laws

How did the Treaty of Ghent achieve the United States' objectives in its dealings with Great Britain?

Britain agreed to stop encouraging Native Americans to attack settlers in the Great Lakes region.

The Patriot army was made up mostly of professional, seasoned soldiers. True or False?

False

The Constitution expanded the role of the national government, balancing the powers reserved for the states with those needed for a stronger and more effective national government. What was innovative about this concept, which came to be known as federalism?

Federalism allowed the national government to impose taxes, support a military, borrow money, and create a national currency. Federalism gave the national government power over the states to regulate commerce and international relations. Federalism created principles for maintaining a supreme national government that shared power with the states

Identify how the alliance with France contributed to the outcome of the American Revolution

France agreed to fight alongside the revolutionaries until American independence was won. The support of French supplies and troops was central to the Patriot victory

The sharpest irony of the American Revolution is that Britain offered enslaved blacks more opportunities for freedom than did the new United States. Identify the different outcomes African Americans faced after the Revolutionary War

Freed slaves fled to Canada or the British colonies in search of freedom. Slaves who joined the Loyalists were punished for disloyalty. Slavery was ended in most northern states, inspired by the ideas of liberty and freedom at the heart of the Patriot cause

What type of government did the Articles of Confederation create, and why?

It created a deliberately weak central government. Americans' distrust of strong centralized governments stemmed from their experience with the British monarchy

How did Jefferson's belief that America should be a haven for independent farmers influence his decision regarding the Louisiana Territory?

Jefferson believed the only way to secure enough land for a nation of independent farmers was to expand westward.

Identify the groups of people in America who were divided between the Patriot and Loyalist causes, which made the Revolution also a civil war

Native Americans

Identify the reasons why the Battle of King's Mountain was a significant turning point during the Revolutionary War.

The Battle of King's Mountain was a crucial victory for the Americans, as it undermined the British strategy in the South. The British defeat made it very difficult for them to recruit American Loyalists to fight against the Patriots

Why was the Battle of Saratoga significant to the Revolutionary War

The Battle of Saratoga was the first decisive victory over the British and showed them that the Patriots were capable of winning major battles, and possibly the war. The Battle of Saratoga showed the French that the Patriots were capable of fighting the British, and this would ultimately lead to a military alliance with France

Identify the challenges American military leaders faced from the British during the Revolutionary War

The British recruited American Loyalists, Native Americans, and African Americans to fight on their behalf. The British Empire sent 35,000 soldiers and half of its huge navy across the Atlantic to put down the American rebellion To aid their war effort, the British also hired foreign soldiers (mercenaries)

Identify the challenges the British military leaders faced during the Revolutionary War

The Continental Congress was able to sustain a "Continental army" through incentivizing recruits with cash, land, clothing, and blankets. The American army refused to engage in a large, decisive battle, instead picking and choosing when to engage the British. Americans maintained a strong ideological commitment to their belief that tyranny should be resisted and overcome, and that drove their steadfast commitment to their cause

Identify the ways in which the Battle of Yorktown was a key turning point in the Revolutionary War.

The French navy helped secure an American victory over the British. The Battle of Yorktown was the final battle of the Revolutionary War

Before the Revolution, Americans tolerated religious dissent; after the Revolution, many Americans insisted on complete freedom of religion as embodied in the principle of separation of church and state. Identify actions that took place during and following the Revolutionary War that supported this social change

The Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom declared that "no man shall be compelled to frequent or support any religious worship." All states but Virginia eliminated tax support for the church before the fighting was over, and Virginia did so soon afterward

The limitations of the Articles of the Confederation prompted Congress to draft a new Constitution, which begins, "We the people." How did the assumptions embedded in that phrase help shape the Constitution?

The power of government must come from the consent of those that are governed. The national government has the authority to govern its citizens without state governments functioning as intermediaries

Identify the reasons the Loyalists supported the British during the Revolutionary War

They feared that the Revolution would result in lawlessness. They were more confident in the British constitution to protect their rights than American aristocrats. They felt that the British Empire already supported the liberties that the Patriots wanted from their independence

A challenge American military leaders faced in confronting the British military was a lack of supplies, recruits, and experience needed to create an effective military. True or False?

True

After the war most Americans believed Native Americans to be a threat to future expansion. True or False?

True

The American victory at Cowpens was a key turning point in the war in that it was the first tactical victory for the American side. True or False?

True

When Loyalists departed America after the Revolution, their confiscated property and newly vacated jobs created new social, economic, and political opportunities for Patriots. True or False?

True

The Articles of Confederation defined the first government of the United States. Identify the aspects of the Articles of Confederation that demonstrate how it was a reaction to the fears of a monarchy.

Unanimous approval from the states was required to levy taxes. Large majorities of the states were required to approve measures on war, finances, and the army. No president or chief executive was allowed

Identify the factors that contributed to the ill-fated attack on Quebec by the American revolutionaries

hunger and exhaustion a smallpox epidemic short-term soldiers

One of the changes that took place after the Revolutionary War was that leaders embraced Republican ideology. Identify all of the advantages they saw this form of government having over monarchies, such as the British Empire

limiting powers of government elected representatives and legislators more transparency into the political process

Identify the events that took place during the winter of 1777-1778 at Valley Forge that raised morale of the Continental army

promises of extra pay and bonuses after the war news of a formal military alliance with France

What events helped Americans successfully negotiate an end to the War of 1812?

the Battle of Baltimore the Battle of Lake Champlain