A & P Chapter 16: Nervous System: Senses
Place the structures of the eye: choroid, horizontal cells, bipolar cells, and photoreceptors in order from superficial to deep.
1. Choroid 2. Photoreceptors 3. Horizontal cells 4. Bipolar cells
Order these structures in the order that tears travel through them: lacrimal sac, lacrimal puncta, nasolacrimal duct, lacrimal canaliculus
1. Lacrimal puncta 2. Lacrimal canaliculus 3. Lacrimal sac 4. Nasolacrimal duct
What are the functions of the ear?
Hearing and equilibrium
A lack of photoreceptors in this structure creates the "blind spot"?
Optic disc
Place the structures of CN II in order from anterior to posterior.
Optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract
What is the margin between the photosensitive and non photosensitive regions of the retina called?
Ora serrata
The fat surrounding the eye is called ______________ fat.
Orbital
The eyelids are also called __________.
Palpebrae
The portion of the conjunctive on the inside of the eyelid is called the _____________.
Palpebral conjunctiva
The sphincter pupillae is controlled by the ______________ division of the nervous system?
Parasympathetic
If stimulated over a period of time, _________ receptors lose eventually sensitivity.
Phasic
A detached retina is caused by a separation between which two layers?
Pigmented layer of the retina and neural layer of the retina
Aqueous humor is secreted into the _________ chamber before traveling to the _________ chamber of the eye.
Posterior, anterior
What type of receptors make you aware of your body positioning?
Proprioceptors
What type of receptors makes you aware of your body positioning?
Proprioceptors
_______________ include only the somatic sensory receptors within joints, muscles, and tendons.
Proprioceptors
As tears drain through the lacrimal caruncle, the enter small holes called the lacrimal ___________.
Puncta
The black hole in the eye is called the _________ and it is surrounded by the colorful ________.
Pupil, iris
Which events occur during bright light adaptation?
Rods become inactive, cones gradually adjust, pupils constrict
The lens is __________ rounded when we are viewing close-up objects.
Rounded
What structure is the "white" of the eye?
Sclera
Which are part of the fibrous tunic?
Sclera and cornea
Which structures are part of the vestibular complex?
Semicircular ducts, utricle, saccule
Receptors for general senses are usually _________________.
Simple in structure
Which structures contain exteroceptors?
Skin, oral cavity
Which would stimulate somatic nociceptors?
Sprained ankle, touching a hot pain, exposure to acid on the skin
Which are muscles located in the middle ear?
Stapedius and tensor tympani
Where is the lacrimal gland located?
Superior and lateral to the eye
The _____________ ligaments connect the ciliary body to the lens.
Suspensory
Tactile cells are associated with _____________.
Tactile discs
What color is the macula lutea?
Yellow
What chamber is between the iris and cornea?
anterior chamber
Hyperopia
farsightedness
Where are proprioceptors found?
joints
Where are tears created?
lacrimal apparatus
Myopia
nearsightedness
emmetropia
normal vision
The eyelids are joined at the medial and lateral __________ commisures or _________.
palpebral, canthi
Order the structures: choroid, sclera, neural layer of retina, and pigmented layer of retina from superficial to deep.
1.Sclera 2.Choroid 3.Neural layer of retina 4.Pigmented layer of retina
The semicircular ducts are involved in detecting ___________ acceleration.
Angular
The most visible part of the external ear is called the _________ or ________.
Auricle or pinna
Taste buds are made of gustatory cells, supporting cells, and __________ cells.
Basal
Gustatory cells are found in taste _______.
Buds
Gustatory information travels through which cranial nerves?
CN VII and CN IX
What eye disorder causes "milky" vision?
Cataracts
Receptors initiate sensory input to the ________________.
Central nervous system
What substance, produced in the external ear, impedes microorganism growth?
Cerumen
_________________ are receptors that detect chemicals.
Chemoreceptors
Which terms indicate a receptor type that is classified by its modality of stimulus?
Chemoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors
Otis media is more common in ___________.
Children
What is the largest structure of the vascular tunic?
Choroid
What structure is filled with pigment from melanocytes?
Choroid
What is the name of the "snail-shaped" structure of the inner ear?
Cochlea
The junction of the palpebral and ocular conjunctiva is called the _____________.
Conjunctival fornix
When light hits the eye, the pupil _______ in bright light or _______ in dim light.
Constricts, dilates
A _______ shaped lens is used to treat hyperopia and a _______ shaped lens is used to treat myopia.
Convex, concave
The limbus is the junction between the sclera and the ___________.
Cornea
The optic disc is associated with _____________.
Cranial nerve II
The receptors for the special senses are found within the _________.
Cranium
Where are mechanoreceptors found?
Ear and skin
The auricle has _________ cartilage that supports its structure.
Elastic
Which are correct names for the tube that connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx?
Eustachian tube, pharyngotympanic tube, auditory tube
The auricle directs sound waves into the bony tube called the _____________ _______________ meatus.
External acoustic
Place the three regions of the ear in order from lateral to medial.
External ear, middle ear, inner ear
Cutaneous receptors are a type of _______________.
Exteroceptors
True or false: The eye is spherical, measuring about 5 centimeters in diameter, and most of it is receded into the orbit of the skull
False: The eye is about 2.5 cm
Place the layers of the eye in order from superficial to deep.
Fibrous tunic, vascular tunic, retina
In a taste bud, the basal cells replace the ______________ cells.
Gustatory
The vitreous body is also called the vitreous __________.
Humor
Where are photoreceptors located?
In the neural layer of the retina
Where is the cochlea located?
Inner ear
Specific types of receptors called ____________ detect stimuli in the internal organs.
Interoceptors
What structure is the dividing line between the anterior and posterior chambers?
Iris
Place the structures of the vascular tunic in order from anterior to posterior.
Iris, ciliary body, choroid
What causes conjunctivitis?
Irritants, infectious agents
The sclera _____________.
Is made of dense CT, provides for eye shape
Which are true of conjunctiva?
It is vascular, it does not cover the cornea, it contains goblet cells
The lacrimal apparatus produces, collects, and drains ___________ fluid.
Lacrimal
Optic tracts extend to which structures after they leave the optic chiasm?
Lateral geniculate nucleus of the thymus, superior colliculi
What structure focuses incoming light onto the retina?
Lens
Lacrimal fluid prevents bacterial infection because it contains an antibacterial enzyme called _________.
Lysozyme
Place the auditory ossicles in the order that they occur from lateral to medial.
Malleus, Incus, Stapes
Tactile receptors are a type of ________________.
Mechanoreceptor
Gustatory cells are ______________.
Mechanoreceptors
The stimulating agent is also called the ____________ of stimulus.
Modality
Stapedius is the name of a ____________.
Muscle
Which are true of rods?
They function well in dim light, there are more than 100 million rod cells per eye
We have the ability to distinguish one odor among ___________ of different ones.
Thousands
Neurons in the olfactory bulb travel through the olfactory _________ to the brain.
Tract
What are the functions of the auditory ossicles?
Transmit sounds waves to inner ear, amplify sound
Which are characteristics of the cornea?
Transparent, avascular
True or false: Macular degeneration is the leading cause of blindness in developed countries.
True
True or false: The primary purpose of the eyebrows is to keep sweat out of the eyes.
True
The external acoustic meatus terminates at the _____________ membrane, which is most commonly called the eardrum.
Tympanic
Hearing and equilibrium are transmitted along which cranial nerve?
VIII - Vestibulocochlear
Which are types of papillae?
Vallate, filiform, foliate, fungiform
Is the conjunctiva vascular or avascular?
Vascular
In the eye, the _________ humor is gelatinous.
Vitreous
What is the most numerous type of receptor?
tactile receptors
The conjunctiva is _____________.
vascular