A & P Chapter 16: Nervous System: Senses

Place the structures of the eye: choroid, horizontal cells, bipolar cells, and photoreceptors in order from superficial to deep.

1. Choroid 2. Photoreceptors 3. Horizontal cells 4. Bipolar cells

Order these structures in the order that tears travel through them: lacrimal sac, lacrimal puncta, nasolacrimal duct, lacrimal canaliculus

1. Lacrimal puncta 2. Lacrimal canaliculus 3. Lacrimal sac 4. Nasolacrimal duct

What are the functions of the ear?

Hearing and equilibrium

A lack of photoreceptors in this structure creates the "blind spot"?

Optic disc

Place the structures of CN II in order from anterior to posterior.

Optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract

What is the margin between the photosensitive and non photosensitive regions of the retina called?

Ora serrata

The fat surrounding the eye is called ______________ fat.

Orbital

The eyelids are also called __________.

Palpebrae

The portion of the conjunctive on the inside of the eyelid is called the _____________.

Palpebral conjunctiva

The sphincter pupillae is controlled by the ______________ division of the nervous system?

Parasympathetic

If stimulated over a period of time, _________ receptors lose eventually sensitivity.

Phasic

A detached retina is caused by a separation between which two layers?

Pigmented layer of the retina and neural layer of the retina

Aqueous humor is secreted into the _________ chamber before traveling to the _________ chamber of the eye.

Posterior, anterior

What type of receptors make you aware of your body positioning?

Proprioceptors

What type of receptors makes you aware of your body positioning?

Proprioceptors

_______________ include only the somatic sensory receptors within joints, muscles, and tendons.

Proprioceptors

As tears drain through the lacrimal caruncle, the enter small holes called the lacrimal ___________.

Puncta

The black hole in the eye is called the _________ and it is surrounded by the colorful ________.

Pupil, iris

Which events occur during bright light adaptation?

Rods become inactive, cones gradually adjust, pupils constrict

The lens is __________ rounded when we are viewing close-up objects.

Rounded

What structure is the "white" of the eye?

Sclera

Which are part of the fibrous tunic?

Sclera and cornea

Which structures are part of the vestibular complex?

Semicircular ducts, utricle, saccule

Receptors for general senses are usually _________________.

Simple in structure

Which structures contain exteroceptors?

Skin, oral cavity

Which would stimulate somatic nociceptors?

Sprained ankle, touching a hot pain, exposure to acid on the skin

Which are muscles located in the middle ear?

Stapedius and tensor tympani

Where is the lacrimal gland located?

Superior and lateral to the eye

The _____________ ligaments connect the ciliary body to the lens.

Suspensory

Tactile cells are associated with _____________.

Tactile discs

What color is the macula lutea?

Yellow

What chamber is between the iris and cornea?

anterior chamber

Hyperopia

farsightedness

Where are proprioceptors found?

joints

Where are tears created?

lacrimal apparatus

Myopia

nearsightedness

emmetropia

normal vision

The eyelids are joined at the medial and lateral __________ commisures or _________.

palpebral, canthi

Order the structures: choroid, sclera, neural layer of retina, and pigmented layer of retina from superficial to deep.

1.Sclera 2.Choroid 3.Neural layer of retina 4.Pigmented layer of retina

The semicircular ducts are involved in detecting ___________ acceleration.

Angular

The most visible part of the external ear is called the _________ or ________.

Auricle or pinna

Taste buds are made of gustatory cells, supporting cells, and __________ cells.

Basal

Gustatory cells are found in taste _______.

Buds

Gustatory information travels through which cranial nerves?

CN VII and CN IX

What eye disorder causes "milky" vision?

Cataracts

Receptors initiate sensory input to the ________________.

Central nervous system

What substance, produced in the external ear, impedes microorganism growth?

Cerumen

_________________ are receptors that detect chemicals.

Chemoreceptors

Which terms indicate a receptor type that is classified by its modality of stimulus?

Chemoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors

Otis media is more common in ___________.

Children

What is the largest structure of the vascular tunic?

Choroid

What structure is filled with pigment from melanocytes?

Choroid

What is the name of the "snail-shaped" structure of the inner ear?

Cochlea

The junction of the palpebral and ocular conjunctiva is called the _____________.

Conjunctival fornix

When light hits the eye, the pupil _______ in bright light or _______ in dim light.

Constricts, dilates

A _______ shaped lens is used to treat hyperopia and a _______ shaped lens is used to treat myopia.

Convex, concave

The limbus is the junction between the sclera and the ___________.

Cornea

The optic disc is associated with _____________.

Cranial nerve II

The receptors for the special senses are found within the _________.

Cranium

Where are mechanoreceptors found?

Ear and skin

The auricle has _________ cartilage that supports its structure.

Elastic

Which are correct names for the tube that connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx?

Eustachian tube, pharyngotympanic tube, auditory tube

The auricle directs sound waves into the bony tube called the _____________ _______________ meatus.

External acoustic

Place the three regions of the ear in order from lateral to medial.

External ear, middle ear, inner ear

Cutaneous receptors are a type of _______________.

Exteroceptors

True or false: The eye is spherical, measuring about 5 centimeters in diameter, and most of it is receded into the orbit of the skull

False: The eye is about 2.5 cm

Place the layers of the eye in order from superficial to deep.

Fibrous tunic, vascular tunic, retina

In a taste bud, the basal cells replace the ______________ cells.

Gustatory

The vitreous body is also called the vitreous __________.

Humor

Where are photoreceptors located?

In the neural layer of the retina

Where is the cochlea located?

Inner ear

Specific types of receptors called ____________ detect stimuli in the internal organs.

Interoceptors

What structure is the dividing line between the anterior and posterior chambers?

Iris

Place the structures of the vascular tunic in order from anterior to posterior.

Iris, ciliary body, choroid

What causes conjunctivitis?

Irritants, infectious agents

The sclera _____________.

Is made of dense CT, provides for eye shape

Which are true of conjunctiva?

It is vascular, it does not cover the cornea, it contains goblet cells

The lacrimal apparatus produces, collects, and drains ___________ fluid.

Lacrimal

Optic tracts extend to which structures after they leave the optic chiasm?

Lateral geniculate nucleus of the thymus, superior colliculi

What structure focuses incoming light onto the retina?

Lens

Lacrimal fluid prevents bacterial infection because it contains an antibacterial enzyme called _________.

Lysozyme

Place the auditory ossicles in the order that they occur from lateral to medial.

Malleus, Incus, Stapes

Tactile receptors are a type of ________________.

Mechanoreceptor

Gustatory cells are ______________.

Mechanoreceptors

The stimulating agent is also called the ____________ of stimulus.

Modality

Stapedius is the name of a ____________.

Muscle

Which are true of rods?

They function well in dim light, there are more than 100 million rod cells per eye

We have the ability to distinguish one odor among ___________ of different ones.

Thousands

Neurons in the olfactory bulb travel through the olfactory _________ to the brain.

Tract

What are the functions of the auditory ossicles?

Transmit sounds waves to inner ear, amplify sound

Which are characteristics of the cornea?

Transparent, avascular

True or false: Macular degeneration is the leading cause of blindness in developed countries.

True

True or false: The primary purpose of the eyebrows is to keep sweat out of the eyes.

True

The external acoustic meatus terminates at the _____________ membrane, which is most commonly called the eardrum.

Tympanic

Hearing and equilibrium are transmitted along which cranial nerve?

VIII - Vestibulocochlear

Which are types of papillae?

Vallate, filiform, foliate, fungiform

Is the conjunctiva vascular or avascular?

Vascular

In the eye, the _________ humor is gelatinous.

Vitreous

What is the most numerous type of receptor?

tactile receptors

The conjunctiva is _____________.

vascular