A & P II EXAM 3 Review (Quizzes)

Which of the hormones below is responsible for facultative water reabsorption? - ADH - Thyroxine - Atrial Natriuretic Peptide - Aldosterone

- ADH

The PRIMARY sites of water reabsorption are the - proximal convoluted tubule - distal convoluted tubule - nephron loop - collecting duct

- PCT - nephron loop

Which of the following is a function of the kidneys? - Storing metabolic wastes, toxins, and drugs. - Regulating total water volume and total solute concentration in water. - Producing renin - Producing EPO - Ensuring long-term acid-base balance - Performing lipogenesis

- Regulating total water volume and total solute concentration in water - Ensuring long-term acid-base balance - Producing EPO - Producing Renin

Hydrostatic pressure is the primary driving force of plasma through the filtration membrane into the capsular space. Which of the following statements reflects why hydrostatic pressure is so high in the glomerular capillaries? - The flow of blood is reduced as blood reaches the efferent arteriole. - The diameter of the efferent arteriole is smaller than the afferent arteriole. - The volume of plasma in the efferent arteriole is higher when compared to the afferent arteriole. - The efferent arteriole has higher resistance to blood flow than the afferent arteriole.

- The efferent arteriole has higher resistance to blood flow than the afferent arteriole. - The flow of blood is reduced as blood reaches the efferent arteriole. - The diameter of the efferent arteriole is smaller than the afferent arteriole.

What would be the effect on urine output if sodium channels in the tubule cells were inhibited? - The volume would decrease by half the sodium concentration. - The volume would decrease, then quickly resume. - The volume would increase. - The volume would decrease by 1/10 the sodium concentration.

- The volume would increase.

Which of the following are the major buffering systems in the body? - phosphate buffering system - sulfate buffering system - bicarbonate buffering system - protein buffering system

- bicarbonate buffering system - phosphate buffering system - protein buffering system

LH stimulates the production of ______ by the follicular thecal cells. - an oocyte - progesterone - androgens - estrogen

- estrogen - androgens

The blood-filtering structure of the kidney is the ______. - renal tubule - nephron - glomerulus - glomerular capsule

- glomerulus

Which of the following BEST represents the path of a blood cell as it passes through the kidney? - peritubular capillaries, glomerulus, afferent arteriole, renal vein - renal artery, efferent arteriole, glomerulus, renal vein - glomerulus, efferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries, renal vein - afferent arteriole, glomerulus, glomerular capsule, collecting duct

- glomerulus, efferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries, renal vein

What is the chief force pushing water and solutes out of the blood and across the filtration membrane of the glomerulus? - hydrostatic pressure in the capsular space (HPcs) - colloid osmotic pressure in the capsular space - hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillaries (HPgc) - colloid osmotic pressure in glomerular capillaries (OPgc)

- hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillaries (HPgc) - While diffusion rates are affected more by osmotic differences and concentration gradients, hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillaries (HPgc) is the chief method of forcing water and solutes by filtration.

Aldosterone - stimulates thirst - increases sodium retention by the kidney - stimulates the production of large amounts of urine - is secreted from the pituitary gland

- increases sodium retention by the kidney

Aldosterone - increases sodium retention by the kidney - stimulates the production of large amounts of urine - is secreted from the pituitary gland - stimulates thirst

- increases sodium retention by the kidney - Therefore increased water retention - Which promotes a higher blood volume and pressure

________ are the functional units of the kidneys. - renal pelvis - nephrons - renal cortex - renal pyramids

- nephrons

Which of the following are differences between spermatogenesis and oogenesis? - spermatogenesis ends at menopause; oogenesis continues until death - spermatogenesis begins at puberty; oogenesis begins in utero - spermatogenesis results in four viable gametes; oogenesis results in one viable gamete - spermatogenesis produces haploid cells; oogenesis produces diploid cells

- spermatogenesis begins at puberty; oogenesis begins in utero - spermatogenesis results in four viable gametes; oogenesis results in one viable gamete

Which of the following general functions can be assigned to the renin-angiotensin system? - blood pressure elevation - reducing blood sodium levels - water conservation - increasing urine output

- water conservation - blood pressure elevation

The outer portion of the kidney is called the ___________. - adrenal cortex - renal medulla - renal cortex - adrenal medulla

-renal cortex

What percentage of eggs carry an X chromosome? - 75% -100% - 0% - 50% - 25%

100%

PTH primarily regulates which of the following? * Ca2+ H2O Cl- Na+

Ca2+

Which of the following types of kidney stones is most common? - Struvite - Calcium oxalate - Cystine - Uric acid

Calcium oxalate

Which of the following is NOT reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule? - Glucose - Creatinine - Sodium (Na+) - Potassium (K+)

Creatinine

Select the statement which is FALSE. - Meiosis II is essentially the same process as mitosis except the starting cells are haploid (n). - Further genetic variation typically does not occur after meiosis I. - Meiosis II is essentially the same process as mitosis except the genetic material will not replicate before division takes place. - Crossing over is a source of genetic variability seen in meiosis while independent assortment is a source of genetic variability seen in mitosis.

Crossing over is a source of genetic variability seen in meiosis while independent assortment is a source of genetic variability seen in mitosis.

In what part of the renal tubule does parathyroid hormone (PTH) promote the reabsorption of calcium ions? - descending limb of the nephron loop - distal convoluted tubule (DCT) - proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) - collecting duct

DCT

The most potent stimulus for thirst is _________. - decreased plasma osmolality - increased plasma osmolality - decreased blood volume or pressure - dry mouth

Increased plasma osmolality

_________ is the stage of life in female when reproductive hormones decline and menstraul cycles become erratic. - puberty - Menarche - Mittelschmerz - Menopause

Menopause

_____ results in identical copies of diploid somatic cells being produced; _____ results in genetically unique haploid gametes being produced. - mitosis; meiosis - meiosis; mitosis - mitosis; binary fission - binary fission; mitosis

Mitosis; Meiosis

Individuals with high blood pressure are cautioned to limit their intake of _____. * H2O Ca2+ Na+ Cl-

Na+

Urine collection occurs in the ______ of the kidney. - columns - pelvis - medulla - cortex

Pelvis

Identify the functional area of the kidney at letter B. - renal cortex - renal column - renal pyramid - renal pelvis

Renal pyramid

Low Na+ in the body triggers the release of ______. * - angiotensin I - angiotensin II - angiotensinogen - angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) - renin

Renin

Cells placed in a hypertonic solution will _______________. - become so hyperactive that they divide rapidly by mitosis and form a tumor. - shrink. - swelling. - stay the same.

Shrink

A relatively large afferent arteriole on one side of the glomerulus compared to a relatively smaller efferent arteriole creates an increase in hydrostatic pressure that drives glomerular filtration. - True - False

True

A process that moves substances from the nephron into the blood is _____. - tubular reabsorption - tubular filtration - tubular secretion

Tubular reabsorption

ADH

antidiuretic hormone - Is secreted when water intake is too low

Materials are driven out of the glomerulus into the glomerular capsule because of _____________. - blood pressure - osmotic pressure - concentration gradients - active transport

blood pressure

The bicarbonate buffering system operates primarily in the ______ while the phosphate buffering system operates primarily in the _____. blood; urine skeletal muscles; blood urine; blood blood; brain

blood; urine

When ADH levels are high, the kidneys produce _____ urine. * - a high volume of - isotonic - concentrated - dilute

concentrated

A ruptured follicle is transformed into the _____. * - germinal epithelium - antrum - corpus luteum - ovarian follicle

corpus luteum

Which arteries branch off the arcuate arteries - cortical radiate arteries - segmental arteries - renal arteries - interlobar arteries

cortical radiate arteries

Which tubule portion drains directly to the collecting duct? - proximal - medial - cuboidal - distal

distal

The _______ of the uterus receives the embryo and provides nourishment until the placenta is formed. - endometrium - perimetrium - epimetrium - myometrium

endometrium

Which of the following is a secondary sexual characteristic promoted by estrogen? - enlargement of the external genitalia - growth of the mammary glands - thickening of cervical mucus - stimulation of oogenesis

growth of the mammary glands

A buffer is something that _____. * - insulates the body from harmful physical stimuli in the environment - resists changes in pH - increases the rate of a chemical reaction by reducing its activation energy - makes floors really really shiny

resists changes in pH

The __________ urethra runs though the penis and opens to the outside at the external uretheral orifice. - penile - prostatic - spongy - membranous

spongy