A & P II - Lab 5

What type of epithelial tissue is located in the bladder and ureters? Simple Cuboidal Simple Squamous Transitional Epithelium Stratified Squamous

Transitional

Urobilin

Urinary pigment that can change

The region of the kidney is the nephron loop. 70% of the nephron loop is in the cortex.

View the image of the mammalian kidney. The glomeruli and nephrons are pictured in the photo. What region of the kidney is pictured?

Cuboidal Epithelium of the Medulla - Looks like a ring of cubes

What is this pointing at?

Yellow = Capsule Green = Medulla Blue = Cortex

What part of the pig kidney are each of the arrows pointing at?

Yellow = Renal Vein Blue = Renal Artery

What part of the pig kidney are each of the arrows pointing at?

The Bladder

What part of the pig kidney is the arrow pointing at?

The ureter

What part of the pig kidney is the arrow pointing at?

Kidneys with peritoneal tissue *The center arrow is Hilus

What part of the pig kidney is the arrow pointing at? (hint: arrows are only pointing at on structure)

Kidney Slide Simple Squamous is the top left circle (surrounds the glomerulus) Renal Tubule is the Top Right arrow (tube looking) Cuboidal Epithelium is Bottom Left (it always surrounds the renal tubule) Glomerulus is Bottom Right pointer

What type of slide? Label the 4 areas

Discuss the term retroperitoneal

When something is referred to as retroperitoneal, it is describing something that is located in the space between the peritoneum and the posterior abdominal cavities. The ureters and kidneys are both retroperitoneal.

Match Glomerulus & Capillary Knot are both small circle inside of the the kidney glomerulus (Top red line) Capsule & Simple Squamous Epithelium are both large outer circle of glomerulus (bottom red line)

Which is the glomerulus, capsule, capillary knot & squamous epithelium?

A patient who is known to have a drug addiction gives a urine sample. The color results are a brown coloring. Which drug could the patient be taking according to these results? -anti-inflammatory drugs -barbiturates -diuretic drugs -antibiotics

barbiturates

What results would you expect from a person with diabetes mellitus: Color

clear - light yellow

What results would you expect from a person with diabetes mellitus: Specific Gravity

hight specific gravity > 1.026

How do you cut the sheep kidney according to the dissection procedure? transverse which ever way you want... longitudinally sections

longitudinally

What are the normal results of urine tests in regards to: glucose

no detection

What are the normal results of urine tests in regards to: protein

small amount or no change in color on test strip

What results would you expect from a person with diabetes mellitus: Glucose

Glucose would be present

What are the normal results of urine tests in regards to: Color

yellow to amber

How do you determine specific gravity in the urine exercise? By using a hydrometer By testing for proteins By combining the urine with water By checking the pH

By using a hydrometer

What results would you expect from a person with diabetes mellitus: Protein

Change in color on test strip

What are the normal results of urine tests in regards to: pH

7.0

What results would you expect from a person with diabetes mellitus: pH

Low pH <6

The following abnormal results were obtained from a patient's urinalysis. Name a disease that could cause these results Color = very light yellow pH = 3.0 Specific Gravity = 1.040 Glucose = positive Protein = negative

Low pH (less than 7) = Diabetes Specific Gravity (higher than 1.026) = Diabetes Positive Glucose = Diabetes

Transitional Epithelium is the Top Red line Detrusor Muscle is the Bottom Red line

This is the urinary bladder. What is the top red line and the bottom red line pointing at?

List the distinguishing characteristics that allow identification of glomerulus

The glomerulus is surrounded by a sac called the Bowman's Capsule. It contains capillary blood vessels.

What is the purpose of fat located around the kidneys?

The purpose of the fat is to help protect the kidney from external force and to help prevent it from moving around in your abdominal cavity.

Which structures are found at the hilus of the sheep kidney?

The renal artery, the renal vein and ureter are structures found at the hilus of the sheep kidney

What is located in the renal medulla, and how do these structures affect coloration of the medulla?

The tissue within the medulla is a dark red color due to the amount of blood dispersed into it via the renal artery which is further divided into interlobar arteries.

What is the importance of the transitional epithelium in the urinary bladder?

The transitional epithelium will stretch to accommodate the increase of urine in the bladder, they also help protect the bladder from toxicity of urine.

What are the differences between the sheep & pig kidney?

There really weren't many differences between the two kidneys. The only notable difference was the size.

What differences did you find between the sheep, pig and human kidney?

They all appear to be the same; the only difference was their size

What are the normal results of urine tests in regards to: specific gravity

1.01 - 1.026

The urinary system does NOT include which of the following organs: adrenal gland bladder kidney ureter

Adrenal Gland

What is anemia?

Anemia is a deficiency in red blood cells or hemoglobin.

Describe where the blood is filtered in the body and the path that the urine takes out of the body

Blood enters through the renal artery -> segmental arteries -> interlobar arteries -> arcuate arteries -> cortical radiate arteries -> afferent arteries -> then it hits Bowman's capsule and the glomerulus. The capsule is a round structure which holds the glomerulus and the glomerulus is a capillary knot. The primary function of Bowman's capsule & the glomerulus is to filter our blood out of the capillaries & produce filtrate. Next is the renal tubule. This is a long passageway that helps to filter the filtrate. It consists of quite a few parts. The first is the proximal convoluted tubule (used for reabsorption of H2O, ions & organic nutrients). Then filtrate is then filtered down the descending limb of the loop of Henle (where water is reabsorbed). It next climbs back up the ascending limb of the loop of Henle (where sodium and chloride ions are reabsorbed). Finally we get to the distal convoluted tubule (where ions, acids, toxins and drugs are secreted. Na+, H2O, & Ca+ ions are reabsorbed here under hormonal control). Waste is sent to the collecting duct. Anything that needs to be reabsorbed back in the bloodstream is now reabsorbed in the vasa recta. The waste is transported to the ureters, then the urinary bladder to be excreted.

In the Reagent Test Strip, what portion will be used for testing glucose & what portion will be used for testing protein?

Greenish square near the tip = glucose Yellow square = protein

1. Capsule 2. Ureter 3. Renal Vein 4. Renal Artery 5. Hilus 6. Renal Pyramid 7. Renal Cortex 8. Renal Medulla 9. Renal Pelvis 10. Minor Calyx 11. Major Calyx

Label

1. Kidney 2. Kidney 3. Ureter 4. Ureter 5. Urinary Bladder

Label

What are the major functions of the nephrons? Describe the function of the glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, and distal convoluted tubule.

Nephrons are the functional unit of the kidneys. Glomerulus is responsible for filtration of blood plasma. Bowman's capsule is a cup-shaped part of the nephron that holds a glomerulus and collects the products of filtration from it. Proximal convoluted tubule is where nutrients, electrolytes and water are absorbed back into blood via capillaries. Distal convoluted tubule responsible for secretion and reabsorption of select molecules and ions. It also regulates pH, is the final absorption site for nutrients, and is the secretion site for waste into urine before exits the kidneys. Nephron loop is a portion of nephron that extends into medulla of the kidney.

When testing glucose on the Reagent Test Strip, how will you know if you have a normal or low urine glucose level?

Normal = NO COLOR CHANGE Darkening of green square = higher than normal glucose levels

When testing glucose on the Reagent Test Strip, how will you know if you have a normal or low urine protein level?

Normal = NO COLOR CHANGE Green or Blue = presence of protein

What part of the meniscus do you take a gravity reading on a hydrometer?

Readings are taken on the bottom of the meniscus.